Understanding the dynamics of treeline ecotones under global change requires long-term ecological and environmental data. The Stillberg ecological treeline research site in the Swiss Alps was established in 1975 by planting 92,000 seedlings of and ssp. and has been continuously monitored since then. Here, we present curated long-term data acquired over almost 50 years at the Stillberg site, and we synthesise the major research findings. The long-term datasets comprise 6.5 million ecological and environmental records from the 40-year afforestation experiment, as well as from a 9-year free-air CO enrichment experiment crossed with a 6-year soil warming experiment, a 12-year nutrient addition experiment and an 8-year multifactorial tree seedling recruitment experiment. Our datasets further include 38 million records of 25 meteorological parameters measured at an hourly resolution from 1975 to 1996, and at a 10 min resolution since 1997. We provide all datasets and the corresponding metadata as open research data. Almost five decades of research in this treeline ecotone showed high mortality after tree establishment that was closely related to microclimatic variability. The two species survived at a much lower rate than , due to indirect pathogen interactions. Furthermore, CO enrichment only increased growth of , while warming increased growth of ssp. and two shrub species. Enhanced nutrient availability stimulated growth in tree and understorey shrub species. In addition, soil warming and CO enrichment stimulated microbial activity and decreased soil carbon stocks. These findings improve our understanding of ecological processes in the treeline ecotone under global change and confirm the importance of tree growth and establishment limitations. The enhanced availability and quality of these long-term data are expected to foster whole-system approaches and transdisciplinary research syntheses, supporting the development of effective global change adaptation strategies.

中文翻译：

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五年来的生态和气象数据增强了对全球变化对欧洲阿尔卑斯山林线生态交错带影响的机制的理解


了解全球变化下林线交错带的动态需要长期的生态和环境数据。位于瑞士阿尔卑斯山的斯蒂尔伯格生态树线研究基地于 1975 年建立，种植了 92,000 株 和 ssp 树苗。并从那时起一直受到持续监测。在这里，我们展示了近 50 年来在斯蒂尔伯格遗址采集的长期数据，并综合了主要研究成果。长期数据集包括 40 年造林实验、9 年自由空气 CO 富集实验与 6 年土壤变暖实验、12 年养分添加实验交叉的 650 万条生态和环境记录。实验和为期8年的多因素树苗招募实验。我们的数据集还包括 1975 年至 1996 年以小时分辨率测量的 25 个气象参数的 3800 万条记录，以及自 1997 年以来以 10 分钟分辨率测量的 25 个气象参数的 3800 万条记录。我们以开放研究数据的形式提供所有数据集和相应的元数据。对该林线交错带进行的近五年的研究表明，树木建立后的高死亡率与微气候变化密切相关。由于病原体的间接相互作用，这两个物种的存活率远低于 。此外，CO 富集仅增加了 的生长，而变暖则增加了 ssp 的生长。和两种灌木。养分利用率的提高刺激了树木和林下灌木物种的生长。此外，土壤变暖和二氧化碳富集刺激了微生物活动并减少了土壤碳储量。这些发现提高了我们对全球变化下林线交错带生态过程的理解，并证实了树木生长和建立限制的重要性。 这些长期数据的可用性和质量的提高预计将促进全系统方法和跨学科研究综合，支持制定有效的全球变化适应战略。