Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most chemically diverse classes of primary and secondary metabolites in nature with an exceptional breadth of functional roles in plants. Biosynthesis of all terpenoids begins with the universal five‑carbon building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its allylic isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which in plants are derived from two compartmentally separated but metabolically crosstalking routes, the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on the terpenoid precursor pathways and highlight the critical hidden constraints as well as multiple regulatory mechanisms that coordinate and homeostatically govern carbon flux through the terpenoid biosynthetic network in plants.

中文翻译：

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植物萜类生物合成网络及其多层调控


萜类化合物是自然界中最大、化学成分最多样化的初级和次级代谢物之一，在植物中具有广泛的功能作用。所有萜类化合物的生物合成都始于通用的五碳结构单元，即异戊烯基二磷酸 (IPP) 及其烯丙基异构体二甲基烯丙基二磷酸 (DMAPP)，它们在植物中源自两条分隔但代谢交叉的途径：甲羟戊酸 (MVA) 和甲基赤藓糖醇磷酸 (MEP) 途径。在这里，我们回顾了有关萜类化合物前体途径的当前知识，并强调了关键的隐藏约束以及通过植物中萜类生物合成网络协调和稳态控制碳通量的多种调节机制。