Adjuvants play a critical role in the induction of effective immune responses by vaccines. Here, a self‐assembling nanovaccine platform that integrates adjuvant functions into the delivery vehicle is prepared. Cationic Lentinan (CLNT) is mixed with ovalbumin (OVA) to obtain a self‐assembling nanovaccine (CLNTO nanovaccine), which induces the uptake and maturation of bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) via the toll‐like receptors 2/4 (TLR2/4) to produce effective antigen cross‐presentation. CLNTO nanovaccines target lymph nodes (LNs) and induce a robust OVA‐specific immune response via TLR and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways, retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I) receptor, and cytokine‐cytokine receptor interactions. In addition, CLNTO nanovaccines are found that promote the activation of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and induce the differentiation of germinal center (GC) B cells into memory B cells and plasma cells, thereby enhancing the immune response. Vaccination with CLNTO nanovaccine significantly inhibits the growth of ovalbumin (OVA)‐expressing B16 melanoma cell (B16‐OVA) tumors, indicating its great potential for cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, this study presents a simple, safe, and effective self‐assembling nanovaccine that induces helper T cell 1 (Th1) and helper T cell (Th2) immune responses, making it an effective vaccine delivery system.

中文翻译：

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基于阳离子香菇多糖的自组装纳米疫苗诱导有效体液和细胞免疫反应的一般策略


佐剂在疫苗诱导有效免疫反应中发挥着关键作用。在这里，准备了一个将佐剂功能集成到运载工具中的自组装纳米疫苗平台。阳离子香菇多糖（CLNT）与卵清蛋白（OVA）混合得到自组装纳米疫苗（CLNTO纳米疫苗），通过Toll样受体2/4（TLR2/ 4）产生有效的抗原交叉呈递。 CLNTO 纳米疫苗靶向淋巴结 (LN)，并通过 TLR 和肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) 信号通路、视黄酸诱导基因 I (RIG-I) 受体和细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用诱导强大的 OVA 特异性免疫反应。此外，CLNTO纳米疫苗被发现可以促进滤泡辅助T（Tfh）细胞的活化，并诱导生发中心（GC）B细胞分化为记忆B细胞和浆细胞，从而增强免疫反应。接种 CLNTO 纳米疫苗可显着抑制表达卵清蛋白 (OVA) 的 B16 黑色素瘤细胞 (B16-OVA) 肿瘤的生长，表明其在癌症免疫治疗方面的巨大潜力。因此，本研究提出了一种简单、安全、有效的自组装纳米疫苗，可诱导辅助性 T 细胞 1 (Th1) 和辅助性 T 细胞 (Th2) 免疫反应，使其成为有效的疫苗递送系统。