For several decades the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has supported basic and translational research into cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. This article describes the Institute’s ongoing commitment to cognitive assessment and intervention research, as reflected by three signature initiatives—Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia; Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia; and Research Domain Criteria—and related funding announcements that span basic experimental studies, efficacy and comparative effectiveness trials, and implementation research designed to promote cognitive healthcare in real-world treatment settings. We discuss how trends in science and public health policy since the early 2000s have influenced NIMH treatment development activities, resulting in greater attention to (1) inclusive teams that reflect end-user perspectives on the utility of proposed studies; (2) measurement of discrete neurocognitive processes to inform targeted interventions; (3) clinical trials that produce useful information about putative illness mechanisms, promising treatment targets, and downstream clinical effects; and (4) “productive urgency” in pursuing feasible and effective cognitive interventions for psychosis. Programs employing these principles have catalyzed cognitive measurement, drug development, and behavioral intervention approaches that aim to improve neurocognition and community functioning among persons with schizophrenia. NIMH will maintain support for innovative and impactful investigator-initiated research that advances patient-centered, clinically effective, and continuously improving cognitive health care for persons with psychotic disorders.

中文翻译：

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国家心理健康研究所对精神分裂症认知治疗发展的支持：叙述性回顾


几十年来，美国国家心理健康研究所 (NIMH) 一直支持精神分裂症认知障碍的基础研究和转化研究。本文介绍了该研究所对认知评估和干预研究的持续承诺，这体现在三个标志性举措上：改善精神分裂症认知的测量和治疗研究；改善精神分裂症认知的认知神经科学治疗研究；和研究领域标准——以及相关的资助公告，涵盖基础实验研究、功效和比较有效性试验以及旨在促进现实世界治疗环境中认知保健的实施研究。我们讨论了自 2000 年代初以来科学和公共卫生政策的趋势如何影响 NIMH 治疗开发活动，从而使人们更加关注 (1) 反映最终用户对拟议研究效用的观点的包容性团队； (2) 测量离散的神经认知过程，为有针对性的干预措施提供信息； (3) 产生有关假定疾病机制、有希望的治疗目标和下游临床效果的有用信息的临床试验； (4) 寻​​求可行且有效的精神病认知干预措施的“生产紧迫性”。采用这些原则的项目促进了认知测量、药物开发和行为干预方法，旨在改善精神分裂症患者的神经认知和社区功能。 NIMH 将继续支持由研究者发起的创新且有影响力的研究，以促进以患者为中心、临床有效并不断改善精神障碍患者的认知保健。