s How do rebel groups form in cities? What makes urban-based insurgent organizations effective? Urban armed conflicts have become an important subject of research due to the political, economic, and demographic significance of cities. Yet, we know little about the mechanisms of insurgent group formation and effectiveness in urban contexts. Building on the case of the formation and initial urban campaign of M-19 in Colombia (1973–1980), this article argues that rebel leaders originating from multiple organizations and confronted with intramovement competition have strong motives to employ organizational bricolage to form their organization. Organizational bricolage shapes insurgent effectiveness by producing structures that are fit for achieving certain objectives but not others. M-19’s organizational bricolage combined the armed vanguard, intellectual collective, and populist party forms. This structure was effective to foster public support but ineffective to establish a robust social base and maintain urban operations under repression. The research employs the analysis of organizational repertoires and process tracing to retrace M-19’s formation and initial urban campaign. Empirical material includes an original dataset comprising M-19 founders’ biographical data, archival documents, and interviews with ex-combatants. Studying how rebel leaders employ organizational bricolage sheds light on how insurgent organizations form, behave, and transform after war.

中文翻译：

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城市中的组织拼凑和叛乱团体的有效性：哥伦比亚 4 月 19 日运动的形成和最初的城市运动（1973-1980）


s 城市中的反叛团体是如何形成的？城市叛乱组织为何有效？由于城市的政治、经济和人口重要性，城市武装冲突已成为重要的研究课题。然而，我们对城市环境中叛乱团体的形成机制和有效性知之甚少。本文以哥伦比亚 M-19 的形成和最初的城市运动（1973-1980）为例，认为来自多个组织并面临运动内部竞争的叛乱领导人有强烈的动机利用组织拼凑来组建自己的组织。组织拼凑通过产生适合实现某些目标而不是其他目标的结构来塑造叛乱的有效性。 M-19 的组织结构结合了武装先锋队、知识分子集体和民粹主义政党形式。这种结构能够有效地培养公众支持，但无法建立强大的社会基础并在压制下维持城市运作。该研究采用对组织能力和流程追踪的分析来追溯 M-19 的形成和最初的城市战役。经验材料包括原始数据集，其中包含 M-19 创始人的传记数据、档案文件以及对前战斗人员的采访。研究叛乱领导人如何利用组织拼凑可以揭示战后叛乱组织如何形成、行为和转变。