s How do rebel groups form in cities? What makes urban-based insurgent organizations effective? Urban armed conflicts have become an important subject of research due to the political, economic, and demographic significance of cities. Yet, we know little about the mechanisms of insurgent group formation and effectiveness in urban contexts. Building on the case of the formation and initial urban campaign of M-19 in Colombia (1973–1980), this article argues that rebel leaders originating from multiple organizations and confronted with intramovement competition have strong motives to employ organizational bricolage to form their organization. Organizational bricolage shapes insurgent effectiveness by producing structures that are fit for achieving certain objectives but not others. M-19’s organizational bricolage combined the armed vanguard, intellectual collective, and populist party forms. This structure was effective to foster public support but ineffective to establish a robust social base and maintain urban operations under repression. The research employs the analysis of organizational repertoires and process tracing to retrace M-19’s formation and initial urban campaign. Empirical material includes an original dataset comprising M-19 founders’ biographical data, archival documents, and interviews with ex-combatants. Studying how rebel leaders employ organizational bricolage sheds light on how insurgent organizations form, behave, and transform after war.

中文翻译：

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城市中的组织拼凑和叛乱团体的有效性：哥伦比亚 4 月 19 日运动的形成和初始城市运动（1973-1980 年）


s 城市中的叛乱团体是如何形成的？是什么让城市叛乱组织有效？由于城市的政治、经济和人口重要性，城市武装冲突已成为重要的研究主题。然而，我们对叛乱团体的形成机制和城市环境中的有效性知之甚少。以哥伦比亚 M-19 的形成和最初的城市运动（1973-1980 年）为基础，本文认为，来自多个组织并面临运动内部竞争的叛乱领导人有强烈的动机利用组织拼凑来组建他们的组织。组织拼凑通过产生适合实现某些目标而不是其他目标的结构来塑造叛乱分子的有效性。M-19 的组织拼凑结合了武装先锋、知识分子集体和民粹主义政党形式。这种结构可以有效地促进公众支持，但无法建立强大的社会基础和在镇压下维持城市运营。该研究采用对组织库的分析和过程追溯来追溯 M-19 的形成和最初的城市运动。实证材料包括一个原始数据集，包括 M-19 创始人的传记数据、档案文件和对前战斗人员的采访。研究叛乱领导人如何利用组织拼凑，可以阐明叛乱组织在战后如何形成、行为和转型。