A branch of island biogeography has emerged to explain alien species diversity in the light of the biogeographic and anthropogenic context, yet overlooking the functional and phylogenetic facets. Evaluating alien and native birds of 407 oceanic islands worldwide, we built structural equation models to assess the direct and indirect influence of biotic, geographic, and anthropogenic contexts on alien functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD). We found that alien taxonomic richness was the main predictor of both diversities. Anthropogenic factors, including colonization pressure, associated with classic biogeographical variables also strongly influenced alien FD and PD. Specifically, habitat modification and human connectivity markedly drove alien FD, especially when controlled by taxonomic richness, whereas the human population size, gross domestic product, and native PD were crucial at explaining alien PD. Our findings suggest that humans not only shape taxonomic richness but also other facets of alien diversity in a complex way.

中文翻译：

---

岛屿上外来鸟类的人类世生物地理学：其功能和系统发育多样性的驱动因素


岛屿生物地理学的一个分支已经出现，它根据生物地​​理学和人类起源的背景来解释外来物种的多样性，但却忽视了功能和系统发育方面。通过评估全球 407 个海洋岛屿的外来和本地鸟类，我们建立了结构方程模型，以评估生物、地理和人类环境对外来功能多样性 (FD) 和系统发育多样性 (PD) 的直接和间接影响。我们发现外来生物分类丰富度是这两种多样性的主要预测因素。与经典生物地理变量相关的人为因素，包括殖民压力，也强烈影响外来 FD 和 PD。具体而言，栖息地改变和人类连通性显着驱动了外来退化，特别是在分类丰富度控制下，而人口规模、国内生产总值和本土退化对于解释外来退化至关重要。我们的研究结果表明，人类不仅塑造了丰富的分类学，而且还以复杂的方式塑造了外星多样性的其他方面。