Algae cultivation and bioprocessing are important due to algae’s potential to effectively tackle crucial environmental challenges like climate change, soil and water pollution, energy security, and food scarcity. To realize these benefits high algal biomass production and valuable compound extraction are necessary. Nanotechnology can significantly improve algal cultivation through enhanced nutrient uptake, catalysis, CO utilization, real-time monitoring, cost-effective harvesting, etc. Synthetic nanoparticles are extensively used due to ease of manufacturing and targeted application. Nonetheless, there is a growing interest in transitioning to environmentally friendly options like natural and ‘green’ nanoparticles which are produced from renewable/biological sources by using eco-friendly solvents. Presently, natural, and ‘green’ nanoparticles are predominantly utilized in algal harvesting, with limited application in other areas, the reasons for which remain unclear. This review aims to critically evaluate research on nanotechnology-based algae system enhancement, identify research gaps and propose solutions using natural and ‘green’ nanoparticles for a sustainable future.

中文翻译：

---

用于增强藻类培养和生物加工的纳米技术：弥合差距并释放潜力


藻类培育和生物加工非常重要，因为藻类具有有效应对气候变化、土壤和水污染、能源安全和粮食短缺等关键环境挑战的潜力。为了实现这些好处，高藻类生物量生产和有价值的化合物提取是必要的。纳米技术可以通过增强养分吸收、催化、二氧化碳利用、实时监测、经济高效的收获等来显着改善藻类培育。合成纳米颗粒由于易于制造和有针对性的应用而被广泛使用。尽管如此，人们越来越有兴趣转向环保选择，例如使用环保溶剂从可再生/生物来源生产的天然和“绿色”纳米颗粒。目前，天然和“绿色”纳米粒子主要用于藻类收获，在其他领域的应用有限，其原因尚不清楚。本综述旨在批判性地评估基于纳米技术的藻类系统增强的研究，找出研究差距，并提出使用天然和“绿色”纳米颗粒实现可持续未来的解决方案。