Within the framework of Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA), ecological carrying capacity (ECC) is a key concept that helps to determine the upper limit of production without compromising ecosystem functioning. The implementation of ECC is complex as ECC differs between type of farms and location and standardised methods should be developed for management. There is therefore a clear need for operational indicators. The objectives of this paper were: (1) to carry out a systematic literature review on shellfish and seaweed aquaculture-environment interactions to list the most used environmental indicators, (2) to classify the indicators according to the effects they measure (i.e., benthic, water quality, food web interactions, cultured organism health, resource use) and the scale at which they are applied, and (3) to assess their potential based on four indicator criteria categories: sensitivity, accuracy and precision, feasibility and utility, and ecosystem-level scalability. Overall, indicators describing benthic effects were the most highly cited and scored. Indicators identified for bivalve and seaweed culture were discussed and compared to previous work on salmon aquaculture indicators to highlight similarities and differences across trophic levels. In addition, questions related to the challenges of ECC indicators implementation were presented to a panel of experts. The scoring and consultation provided the source of discussion on environmental management consistent with EAA.

中文翻译：

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双壳类、海藻养殖生态承载力指标


在水产养殖生态系统方法（EAA）框架内，生态承载力（ECC）是一个关键概念，有助于在不损害生态系统功能的情况下确定产量上限。 ECC 的实施很复杂，因为 ECC 因农场类型和地点而异，需要制定标准化的管理方法。因此，显然需要运营指标。本文的目标是：(1) 对贝类和海藻水产养殖与环境相互作用进行系统文献综述，列出最常用的环境指标，(2) 根据指标测量的影响对指标进行分类（即底栖生物） 、水质、食物网相互作用、养殖生物体健康、资源利用）及其应用规模，以及（3）根据四个指标标准类别评估其潜力：敏感性、准确性和精密度、可行性和实用性，以及生态系统级别的可扩展性。总体而言，描述海底效应的指标被引用和评分最高。讨论了双壳类和海藻养殖确定的指标，并与之前有关鲑鱼水产养殖指标的工作进行了比较，以突出不同营养级别的相似性和差异。此外，还向专家小组提出了与 ECC 指标实施挑战相关的问题。评分和咨询提供了与EAA一致的环境管理讨论来源。