Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common and catastrophic hematological neoplasm with high mortality rates. Conventional therapies, including chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), immune therapy, and targeted agents, have unsatisfactory outcomes for AML patients due to drug toxicity, off‐target effects, drug resistance, drug side effects, and AML relapse and refractoriness. These intrinsic limitations of current treatments have promoted the development and application of nanomedicine for more effective and safer leukemia therapy. In this review, the classification of nanoparticles applied in AML therapy, including liposomes, polymersomes, micelles, dendrimers, and inorganic nanoparticles, is reviewed. In addition, various strategies for enhancing therapeutic targetability in nanomedicine, including the use of conjugating ligands, biomimetic‐nanotechnology, and bone marrow targeting, which indicates the potential to reverse drug resistance, are discussed. The application of nanomedicine for assisting immunotherapy is also involved. Finally, the advantages and possible challenges of nanomedicine for the transition from the preclinical phase to the clinical phase are discussed.

中文翻译：

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治疗急性髓系白血病的药物输送系统的进展


急性髓系白血病（AML）是一种常见的灾难性血液肿瘤，死亡率很高。化疗、造血干细胞移植（HSCT）、免疫治疗、靶向药物等常规疗法因药物毒性、脱靶效应、耐药性、药物副作用以及AML复发难治等问题，对AML患者的治疗效果并不理想。当前治疗的这些固有局限性促进了纳米医学的开发和应用，以实现更有效、更安全的白血病治疗。本综述对应用于 AML 治疗的纳米颗粒的分类进行了综述，包括脂质体、聚合物囊泡、胶束、树枝状聚合物和无机纳米颗粒。此外，还讨论了增强纳米医学治疗靶向性的各种策略，包括使用缀合配体、仿生纳米技术和骨髓靶向，这表明有逆转耐药性的潜力。还涉及纳米医学辅助免疫治疗的应用。最后，讨论了纳米医学从临床前阶段过渡到临床阶段的优势和可能的挑战。