The gradual depletion of fossil resources has intensified the search for sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based polymers. Among the remarkable natural polymers, humic acid (HA) and lignin stand out due to their versatile applications. Yet, a comprehensive review of hydrogels derived from these nature-derived polymers, specifically focused on agriculture, environment, and energy storage, remains conspicuously absent. This review article addresses this gap by systematically exploring the roles of HA and lignin-based hydrogels in these fields. In agriculture, these hydrogels exhibit immense potential to enhance soil structure, water retention, nutrient delivery, and the capacity to mitigate soil erosion and promote plant growth. Furthermore, these hydrogels showcase remarkable adsorption capabilities for various pollutants, positioning them as valuable assets in environmental applications. The research evaluates their adsorption mechanism and effectiveness in removing organic contaminants, heavy metals, and emerging pollutants from water sources, highlighting their crucial role in water purification and environmental protection. Additionally, these hydrogels demonstrate great promise as electrode materials and supercapacitors in energy storage. Their ability to efficiently store and release energy and eco-friendly attributes position them as viable candidates for sustainable energy storage solutions. This review article underscores the multifaceted potential of HA and lignin-based hydrogels and addresses the pressing need for a deeper understanding of their effects on agriculture, environmental sustainability, and energy storage. By harnessing the intrinsic properties of these natural polymers, these hydrogels are poised to revolutionize sectors and contribute significantly to a greener and more sustainable future.

中文翻译：

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天然聚合物-腐殖酸和木质素基水凝胶：在农业、环境和能源储存中


化石资源的逐渐枯竭加剧了对石油基聚合物的可持续替代品的寻找。在卓越的天然聚合物中，腐殖酸 (HA) 和木质素因其用途广泛而脱颖而出。然而，对这些源自自然的聚合物衍生的水凝胶的全面综述，特别是针对农业、环境和能源储存的研究，仍然明显缺乏。这篇综述文章通过系统地探讨透明质酸和木质素水凝胶在这些领域中的作用来解决这一差距。在农业中，这些水凝胶在增强土壤结构、保水性、养分输送以及减轻土壤侵蚀和促进植物生长的能力方面表现出巨大的潜力。此外，这些水凝胶对各种污染物具有卓越的吸附能力，使其成为环境应用中的宝贵资产。该研究评估了它们的吸附机制和去除水源中有机污染物、重金属和新兴污染物的有效性，强调了它们在水净化和环境保护中的关键作用。此外，这些水凝胶显示出作为储能电极材料和超级电容器的巨大前景。它们有效存储和释放能量的能力以及环保特性使它们成为可持续能源存储解决方案的可行候选者。这篇综述文章强调了透明质酸和木质素水凝胶的多方面潜力，并解决了深入了解它们对农业、环境可持续性和能源储存影响的迫切需要。 通过利用这些天然聚合物的内在特性，这些水凝胶有望彻底改变各个行业，并为更绿色、更可持续的未来做出重大贡献。