Objectives: To replicate an analysis conducted just prior to the 1997 UK General Election on the relationship between voting patterns at the constituency level, correlations between voting patterns, measured inequality, and premature mortality. Design: Observational study using data from the Office of National Statistics. Setting: England, UK. Participants: The health and mortality co-variates come from the English population across multiple publicly available datasets from the Office of National Statistics and are cross-tabulated against members of the public who voted in the 2019 UK General Election in constituencies in England. Main Outcome Measures: Age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) for premature deaths for 2021, Health Deprivation and Disability (HDD) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for 2019, Slope Indices of Inequality (2001-20), Healthy Life Expectancy (2011-20). Results: When observing the proportion of the eligible vote for Labour at the constituency level, there was a strong correlation with higher ASMR in both males (r=0.707, p<0.0001) and females (r=0.6505, p<0.0001). There is a strong correlation between Labour vote share ranks and deprivation, with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients of 𝜌=-0.687 (p<0.0001) for deprivation as measured by the HDD and 𝜌=-0.695 (p<0.0001) for the IMD ranks. Slope indices of inequality (SII) remain high for males and are increasing for females. Healthy life expectancies remain stratified, and differentials across deprivation remain wide and unchanged. Conclusions: Health inequalities across constituencies and socio-economic indicators such as IMD remain high. New approaches are likely to be required to reduce inequalities in the UK. Trial Registration: N/A.

中文翻译：

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英国的投票模式、死亡率和健康不平等


目标：复制 1997 年英国大选之前对选区一级投票模式之间的关系、投票模式之间的相关性、测量的不平等和过早死亡率进行的分析。设计：使用国家统计局的数据进行观察研究。地点：英国英格兰。参与者：健康和死亡率协变量来自国家统计局多个公开数据集中的英国人口，并与在 2019 年英国大选中在英格兰选区投票的公众进行交叉制表。主要成果指标：2021年过早死亡的年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）、2019年健康剥夺和残疾（HDD）和多重剥夺指数（IMD）、不平等斜率指数（2001-20）、健康预期寿命（ 2011-20）。结果：当观察选区层面工党合格投票比例时，男性（r=0.707，p<0.0001）和女性（r=0.6505，p<0.0001）与较高的 ASMR 存在很强的相关性。工党投票份额排名与剥夺程度之间存在很强的相关性，根据 HDD 衡量的剥夺程度，Spearman 的排名相关系数为 𝜌=-0.687 (p<0.0001)，对于 IMD 排名，𝜌=-0.695 (p<0.0001)。男性的不平等斜率指数（SII）仍然很高，而女性的不平等斜率指数则在上升。健康预期寿命仍然存在分层，贫困方面的差异仍然很大且没有变化。结论：各选区之间的健康不平等和 IMD 等社会经济指标仍然很高。英国可能需要采取新的方法来减少不平等。试用注册：不适用。