Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as one of the promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries have achieved remarkable progress in the past. However, the all-climate performance is still very challenging for SIBs. Herein, 15-Crown-5 (15-C-5) is screened as an electrolyte additive from a number of ether molecules theoretically. The good sodiophilicity, high molecule rigidity, and bulky size enable it to reshape the solvation sheath and promote the anion engagement in the solvated structures by molecule crowding. This change also enhances Na-ion transfer, inhibits side reactions, and leads to a thin and robust solid–electrolyte interphase. Furthermore, the electrochemical stability and operating temperature windows of the electrolyte are extended. These profits improve the electrochemical performance of SIBs in all climates, much better than the case without 15-C-5. This improvement is also adopted to μ-Sn, μ-Bi, hard carbon, and MoS 2 . This work opens a door to prioritize the potential molecules in theory for advanced electrolytes.

中文翻译：

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冠醚优异的亲钠性和分子拥挤性提高了全气候钠离子电池的电化学性能


钠离子电池（SIB）作为锂离子电池有前景的替代品之一，在过去取得了显着的进展。然而，全气候性能对于 SIB 来说仍然非常具有挑战性。本文从理论上从众多醚分子中筛选出15-Crown-5（15-C-5）作为电解液添加剂。良好的亲钠性、高分子刚性和大尺寸使其能够重塑溶剂化鞘并通过分子拥挤促进溶剂化结构中的阴离子结合。这种变化还增强了钠离子转移，抑制副反应，并形成薄而坚固的固体电解质界面。此外，电解质的电化学稳定性和工作温度范围也得到了扩展。这些好处提高了 SIB 在所有气候下的电化学性能，比没有 15-C-5 的情况要好得多。这种改进也适用于μ-Sn、μ-Bi、硬碳和MoS 2 。这项工作为先进电解质理论上优先考虑潜在分子打开了大门。