Cytokines have been identified as key contributors to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet conventional treatments often prove inadequate and carry substantial side effects. Here, we present an innovative biohybrid robotic system, termed “algae-MΦNP-robot,” for addressing IBD by actively neutralizing colonic cytokine levels. Our approach combines moving green microalgae with macrophage membrane–coated nanoparticles (MΦNPs) to efficiently capture proinflammatory cytokines “on the fly.” The dynamic algae-MΦNP-robots outperformed static counterparts by enhancing cytokine removal through continuous movement, better distribution, and extended retention in the colon. This system is encapsulated in an oral capsule, which shields it from gastric acidity and ensures functionality upon reaching the targeted disease site. The resulting algae-MΦNP-robot capsule effectively regulated cytokine levels, facilitating the healing of damaged epithelial barriers. It showed markedly improved prevention and treatment efficacy in a mouse model of IBD and demonstrated an excellent biosafety profile. Overall, our biohybrid algae-MΦNP-robot system offers a promising and efficient solution for IBD, addressing cytokine-related inflammation effectively.

中文翻译：

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生物混合微型机器人调节炎症性肠病中的结肠细胞因子和上皮屏障


细胞因子已被确定为炎症性肠病 (IBD) 发展的关键因素，但传统治疗方法往往效果不佳，并且会产生严重副作用。在这里，我们提出了一种创新的生物混合机器人系统，称为“藻类-MΦNP-机器人”，用于通过主动中和结肠细胞因子水平来解决IBD。我们的方法将移动的绿色微藻与巨噬细胞膜包被的纳米粒子（MΦNP）相结合，以“动态”有效捕获促炎细胞因子。动态藻类-MΦNP-机器人通过连续运动、更好的分布和在结肠中的延长保留来增强细胞因子的去除，从而优于静态的同类机器人。该系统封装在口服胶囊中，可保护其免受胃酸的影响，并确保到达目标疾病部位后发挥功能。由此产生的藻类-MΦNP-机器人胶囊有效调节细胞因子水平，促进受损上皮屏障的愈合。它在 IBD 小鼠模型中显示出显着改善的预防和治疗效果，并表现出出色的生物安全性。总体而言，我们的生物混合藻类-MΦNP-机器人系统为 IBD 提供了一种有前途且有效的解决方案，有效解决细胞因子相关的炎症。