The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education is transforming various dimensions of the education system, such as instructional practices, assessment strategies, and administrative processes. It also plays an active role in the progression of science education. This systematic review attempts to render an inherent understanding of the evidence-based interaction between AI and science education. Specifically, this study offers a consolidated analysis of AI’s impact on students’ learning outcomes, contexts of its adoption, students’ and teachers’ perceptions about its use, and the challenges of its use within science education. The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines to review empirical papers published from 2014 to 2023. In total, 74 records met the eligibility for this systematic study. Previous research provides evidence of AI integration into a variety of fields in physical and natural sciences in many countries across the globe. The results revealed that AI-powered tools are integrated into science education to achieve various pedagogical benefits, including enhancing the learning environment, creating quizzes, assessing students’ work, and predicting their academic performance. The findings from this paper have implications for teachers, educational administrators, and policymakers.

人工智能 (AI) 在教育中的应用正在改变教育系统的各个方面，例如教学实践、评估策略和管理流程。它还对科学教育的进步发挥着积极作用。本系统综述试图对人工智能与科学教育之间基于证据的相互作用有一个内在的理解。具体来说，这项研究对人工智能对学生学习成果的影响、人工智能的采用背景、学生和教师对其使用的看法以及在科学教育中使用人工智能的挑战进行了综合分析。本研究遵循 PRISMA 指南，回顾了 2014 年至 2023 年发表的实证论文。总共有 74 条记录符合本系统研究的资格。先前的研究提供了人工智能融入全球许多国家的物理和自然科学各个领域的证据。结果显示，人工智能驱动的工具被整合到科学教育中，以实现各种教学效益，包括改善学习环境、创建测验、评估学生的作业以及预测他们的学业表现。本文的研究结果对教师、教育管理者和政策制定者具有重要意义。