On many prominent accounts, moral praise- and blameworthiness depend on the quality of will an agent manifests in their action. This paper draws attention to a pertinent but overlooked phenomenon: the manifestation of commendable and objectionable qualities of will in an action at once. By showing that all the manifested qualities of will have an effect on the agent's praise- and blameworthiness (i.e., on their action's moral worth), it is argued that quality of will theories need to provide an account of this effect. An account according to which the manifested degrees of qualities of will cancel each other out and the praise- or blameworthiness is determined by the remaining quality of will is discussed and dismissed. Finally, it is argued that agents who manifest objectionable and commendable qualities of will at once are simultaneously both praise- and blameworthy for their actions. Actions can thus have ambivalent moral worth.

中文翻译：

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意志品质和矛盾的道德价值


根据许多著名的说法，道德上的赞扬和谴责取决于行为人在行动中表现出的意志品质。本文提请人们注意一个相关但被忽视的现象：值得赞扬和令人反感的意志品质同时在行动中表现出来。通过证明所有表现出来的意志品质都会对行为人的赞扬和责备（即他们行为的道德价值）产生影响，有人认为意志品质理论需要提供这种影响的解释。根据这种说法，意志品质的表现程度相互抵消，值得赞扬或应受谴责是由剩余的意志品质决定的，对此进行了讨论和驳斥。最后，有人认为，那些同时表现出令人反感和值得赞扬的意志品质的人，其行为同时既值得赞扬，又值得谴责。因此，行为可能具有矛盾的道德价值。