This article summarizes the state of the science on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in diabetes from a recent international expert forum organized by Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia, which was held at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2023 Annual Meeting in Hamburg, Germany. Forum participants included clinicians and basic scientists who are leading investigators in the field of the intestinal microbiome and metabolism. Their conclusions were as follows: 1) the GM may be involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, as microbially produced metabolites associate both positively and negatively with the disease, and mechanistic links of GM functions (e.g., genes for butyrate production) with glucose metabolism have recently emerged through the use of Mendelian randomization in humans; 2) the highly individualized nature of the GM poses a major research obstacle, and large cohorts and a deep-sequencing metagenomic approach are required for robust assessments of associations and causation; 3) because single–time point sampling misses intraindividual GM dynamics, future studies with repeated measures within individuals are needed; and 4) much future research will be required to determine the applicability of this expanding knowledge to diabetes diagnosis and treatment, and novel technologies and improved computational tools will be important to achieve this goal.

中文翻译：

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肠道菌群与糖尿病：研究、转化和临床应用——2023 年糖尿病、糖尿病护理和糖尿病学专家论坛


本文总结了最近由糖尿病、糖尿病护理和糖尿病学组织的国际专家论坛上关于肠道微生物群 （GM） 在糖尿病中作用的科学现状，该论坛在德国汉堡举行的欧洲糖尿病研究协会 2023 年年会上举行。论坛参与者包括临床医生和基础科学家，他们是肠道微生物组和代谢领域的领先研究人员。他们的结论如下：1） GM 可能参与 2 型糖尿病的病理生理学，因为微生物产生的代谢物与疾病呈正相关和负相关，并且 GM 功能（例如，产生丁酸盐的基因）与葡萄糖代谢的机制联系最近通过在人类中使用孟德尔随机化而出现;2） GM 的高度个体化性质构成了主要的研究障碍，需要大型队列和深度测序宏基因组学方法来对关联和因果关系进行稳健评估;3） 由于单时间点采样错过了个体内的 GM 动力学，因此未来需要在个体内进行重复测量的研究;4） 需要进行大量未来的研究来确定这种不断扩大的知识对糖尿病诊断和治疗的适用性，新技术和改进的计算工具对于实现这一目标非常重要。