Background:Methodological heterogeneity hinders data comparisons across isolated studies of tendon and ligament properties, limiting clinical understanding and affecting the development and evaluation of replacement materials.Purpose:To create an open-access data set on the morphological, biomechanical, and biochemical properties of clinically important tendons and ligaments of the lower limb, using consistent methodologies, to enable direct tendon/ligament comparisons.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:Nineteen distinct lower limb tendons and ligaments were retrieved from 8 fresh-frozen human cadavers (5 male, 3 female; aged 49-65 years) including Achilles, tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, fibularis (peroneus) longus, fibularis (peroneus) brevis, flexor hallucis longus, extensor hallucis longus, plantaris, flexor digitorum longus, quadriceps, patellar, semitendinosus, and gracilis tendons; anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, medial collateral, and lateral collateral ligaments; and 10 mm–wide grafts from the contralateral quadriceps and patellar tendons. Outcomes included morphology (tissue length, ultrasound-quantified cross-sectional area [CSAUS], and major and minor axes), biomechanics (failure load, ultimate tensile strength [UTS], failure strain, and elastic modulus), and biochemistry (sulfated glycosaminoglycan [sGAG] and hydroxyproline contents). Tissue differences were analyzed using mixed-model regression.Results:There was a range of similarities and differences between tendons and ligaments across outcomes. A key finding relating to potential graft tissue suitability was the comparable failure loads, UTS, CSAUS, sGAG, and hydroxyproline present between hamstring tendons (a standard graft source) and 5 tendons not typically used for grafting: fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis, flexor and extensor hallucis longus, and flexor digitorum longus tendons.Conclusion:This study of lower limb tendons and ligaments has enabled direct comparison of morphological, biomechanical, and biochemical human tissue properties—key factors in the selection of suitable graft tissues. This analysis has identified 6 potential new donor tissues with properties comparable to currently used grafts.Clinical Relevance:This extensive data set reduces the need to utilize data from incompatible sources, which may aid surgical decisions (eg, evidence to expand the range of tendons considered suitable for use as grafts) and may provide congruent design inputs for new biomaterials and computational models. The complete data set has been provided to facilitate further investigations, with the capacity to expand the resource to include additional outcomes and tissues.

中文翻译：

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19 具人类尸体下肢肌腱和韧带的生物力学、生物化学和形态学特性：开放获取数据集


背景：方法学异质性阻碍了肌腱和韧带特性的孤立研究之间的数据比较，限制了临床理解并影响替代材料的开发和评估。目的：创建一个关于临床形态、生物力学和生化特性的开放获取数据集使用一致的方法，对下肢的重要肌腱和韧带进行直接比较。研究设计：描述性实验室研究。方法：从 8 具新鲜冰冻的人类尸体（5 名男性， 3名女性；年龄49-65岁）包括跟腱、胫骨后肌、胫骨前肌、腓骨长肌、腓骨短肌、拇长屈肌、拇长伸肌、跖肌、趾长屈肌、股四头肌、髌骨、半腱肌、和股薄肌腱；前十字韧带、后十字韧带、内侧副韧带和外侧副韧带；以及来自对侧股四头肌和髌腱的 10 毫米宽的移植物。结果包括形态学（组织长度、超声量化横截面积 [CSAUS] 以及长轴和短轴）、生物力学（失效载荷、极限拉伸强度 [UTS]、失效应变和弹性模量）和生物化学（硫酸化糖胺聚糖） [sGAG] 和羟脯氨酸含量）。使用混合模型回归分析组织差异。结果：肌腱和韧带的结果之间存在一系列相似之处和差异。 与潜在移植组织适用性相关的一个关键发现是腘绳肌腱（标准移植源）和 5 个通常不用于移植的肌腱（腓骨长肌和短肌）之间存在可比较的失效负荷、UTS、CSAUS、sGAG 和羟脯氨酸，结论：这项对下肢肌腱和韧带的研究能够直接比较人体组织的形态、生物力学和生化特性——选择合适移植组织的关键因素。该分析确定了 6 种潜在的新供体组织，其特性与当前使用的移植物相当。临床相关性：这一广泛的数据集减少了使用来自不兼容来源的数据的需要，这可能有助于手术决策（例如，扩大考虑的肌腱范围的证据）适合用作移植物），并且可以为新的生物材料和计算模型提供一致的设计输入。已提供完整的数据集以促进进一步的研究，并能够扩展资源以包括其他结果和组织。