BackgroundThe present cross‐sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the periodontal and microbiological parameters in patients with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) undergoing orthodontic correction in comparison to patients without any cleft or orthodontic treatment.MethodsA total of 120 patients, out of initial 148 patients, between the age group 6 and 18 years were enrolled and divided into four groups with 30 patients each: non‐cleft patients without orthodontic treatment in Group 1, non‐cleft patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in Group 2, patients with UCLP without any orthodontic treatment in Group 3, and patients with UCLP undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in Group 4. Periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) index, pocket probing depth (PD), and tooth mobility were measured in all the groups. The subgingival plaque samples of all the patients were subjected to microbial evaluation using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) for clinical diagnosis.ResultsThe periodontal parameters were significantly raised in Group 4, followed by Group 3 and Group 2 in comparison to Group 1 (p < 0.01), thereby suggesting poor periodontal health in patients with UCLP undergoing orthodontic treatment. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in counts of micro‐organisms among the groups were observed for P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, Veillonella, and Capnocytophaga, with the highest proportions in Group 4, indicating a deteriorating oral health in these patients.ConclusionPoor periodontal and microbial health in patients with UCLP undergoing orthodontic treatment indicates a need for reinforcement of oral hygiene practices among these patients.

中文翻译：

---

接受正畸治疗的唇裂/腭裂患者的牙周和微生物学评估：一项横断面研究


背景本横断面研究旨在评估手术修复的单侧唇腭裂 （UCLP） 接受正畸矫正的患者与未接受任何裂隙或正畸治疗的患者相比的牙周和微生物学参数。方法在最初的 148 名患者中，共有 120 名患者，年龄在 6 至 18 岁之间，分为四组，每组 30 名患者：第 1 组未接受正畸治疗的非裂隙患者，第 2 组接受固定正畸治疗的非裂隙患者，第 3 组未接受任何正畸治疗的 UCLP 患者， 和第 4 组接受固定正畸治疗的 UCLP 患者。测量所有组的牙周参数，包括牙菌斑指数 （PI） 、牙龈指数 （GI）、牙龈出血指数 （GBI）、社区牙周治疗需求指数 （CPITN） 指数、牙周袋探诊深度 （PD） 和牙齿活动度。使用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱 （MALDI-TOF‐MS） 对所有患者的龈下斑块样本进行微生物评估，以进行临床诊断。结果与第 1 组相比，第 4 组牙周参数显著升高，其次是第 3 组和第 2 组 （p < 0.01），从而表明接受正畸治疗的 UCLP 患者的牙周健康状况不佳。观察到牙龈假单胞菌、中间假单胞菌、韦荣氏菌和噬细胞菌在各组间微生物计数的统计学显着差异 （p < 0.01），其中第 4 组的比例最高，表明这些患者的口腔健康状况恶化。结论接受正畸治疗的 UCLP 患者牙周和微生物健康状况不佳表明需要加强这些患者的口腔卫生习惯。