Neutrinos from dense environments: Flavor mechanisms, theoretical approaches, observations, and new directions,Reviews of Modern Physics

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Neutrinos from dense environments: Flavor mechanisms, theoretical approaches, observations, and new directions
Reviews of Modern Physics ( IF 45.9 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 , DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.025004
M. Cristina Volpe ₁

Affiliation

Neutrino masses and mixings produce vacuum oscillations, an established quantum mechanical phenomenon. In matter, the Mikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect, due to neutrino interactions with the background particles, triggers resonant flavor modification. In dense environments, such as core-collapse supernovae and compact mergers, sizable neutrino-neutrino interactions, shock waves, and turbulence impact the neutrino flavor content under a variety of phenomena. Theoretical approaches of neutrino propagation range from the mean-field approximation to the full quantum kinetic equations. Interesting connections have been uncovered between weakly interacting dense neutrino gases and other many-body systems and domains, from condensed matter and nuclear physics to quantum computing. Besides the intrinsic theoretical interest, establishing how neutrinos change flavor contributes to answering the long-standing open questions of how massive stars explode and of the

r

-process sites. It is also important for future observations of core-collapse supernova neutrinos and of the diffuse supernova neutrino background that should be discovered in the foreseeable future.

中文翻译：

来自致密环境的中微子：味道机制、理论方法、观察和新方向

中微子质量和混合会产生真空振荡，这是一种既定的量子力学现象。事实上，由于中微子与背景粒子的相互作用，米赫耶夫-斯米尔诺夫-德军总部效应会引发共振风味改变。在致密环境中，例如核心塌缩超新星和致密合并，大量的中微子-中微子相互作用、冲击波和湍流会在各种现象下影响中微子味道含量。中微子传播的理论方法范围从平均场近似到完整的量子动力学方程。人们在弱相互作用的致密中微子气体与其他多体系统和领域（从凝聚态物质和核物理到量子计算）之间发现了有趣的联系。除了内在的理论兴趣之外，确定中微子如何改变味道还有助于回答大质量恒星如何爆炸和