Neutrinos from dense environments: Flavor mechanisms, theoretical approaches, observations, and new directions,Reviews of Modern Physics

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Neutrinos from dense environments: Flavor mechanisms, theoretical approaches, observations, and new directions
Reviews of Modern Physics ( IF 45.9 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 , DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.025004
M. Cristina Volpe ₁

Affiliation

Neutrino masses and mixings produce vacuum oscillations, an established quantum mechanical phenomenon. In matter, the Mikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect, due to neutrino interactions with the background particles, triggers resonant flavor modification. In dense environments, such as core-collapse supernovae and compact mergers, sizable neutrino-neutrino interactions, shock waves, and turbulence impact the neutrino flavor content under a variety of phenomena. Theoretical approaches of neutrino propagation range from the mean-field approximation to the full quantum kinetic equations. Interesting connections have been uncovered between weakly interacting dense neutrino gases and other many-body systems and domains, from condensed matter and nuclear physics to quantum computing. Besides the intrinsic theoretical interest, establishing how neutrinos change flavor contributes to answering the long-standing open questions of how massive stars explode and of the

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-process sites. It is also important for future observations of core-collapse supernova neutrinos and of the diffuse supernova neutrino background that should be discovered in the foreseeable future.

中文翻译：

来自密集环境中的中微子：风味机制、理论方法、观察和新方向

中微子质量和混合物产生真空振荡，这是一种公认的量子力学现象。在物质中，由于中微子与背景粒子的相互作用，Mikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein 效应会触发共振风味改变。在致密环境中，例如核心坍缩超新星和紧密合并，在各种现象下，相当大的中微子-中微子相互作用、冲击波和湍流都会影响中微子风味含量。中微子传播的理论方法范围从平均场近似到完整的量子动力学方程。已经发现了弱相互作用的致密中微子气体与其他多体系统和域之间的有趣联系，从凝聚态和核物理学到量子计算。除了内在的理论兴趣外，确定中微子如何改变味道有助于回答长期存在的悬而未决的问题，即大质量恒星如何爆炸和