Robotic spacecraft enable exploration of our Solar System beyond our human presence. Although spacecraft have explored every planet in the Solar System, the frontiers of space robotics are at the cutting edge of landers, rovers, and now atmospheric explorers, where robotic spacecraft must interact intimately with their environment to explore beyond the reach of flyby and orbital remote sensing. Here, we describe the tremendous growth in space robotics missions in the past 7 years, with many new entities participating in missions to the surface of the Moon, Mars, and beyond. We also describe the recent development of aerial missions to planets and moons, as exemplified by the Ingenuity helicopter on Mars and the Dragonfly mission to Titan. We focus on suborbital robotics—landers, rovers, and aerial vehicles—with associated challenges in sensing, manipulation, mobility, and system-level autonomy.

中文翻译：

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使用太空机器人探索地球之外


机器人航天器使我们能够在人类存在之外探索太阳系。尽管航天器已经探索了太阳系中的每一颗行星，但太空机器人技术的前沿仍处于着陆器、漫游车和现在的大气探测器的最前沿，其中机器人航天器必须与其环境密切互动，以探索飞越和轨道远程无法到达的地方。传感。在这里，我们描述了过去 7 年太空机器人任务的巨大增长，许多新实体参与了月球、火星及更远地区表面的任务。我们还描述了行星和卫星空中任务的最新发展，例如火星上的独创号直升机和泰坦上的蜻蜓任务。我们专注于亚轨道机器人技术——着陆器、漫游车和飞行器——以及传感、操纵、移动性和系统级自主方面的相关挑战。