Understanding and predicting population responses to climate change is a crucial challenge. A key component of population responses to climate change are cases in which focal biological rates (e.g., population growth rates) change in response to climate change due to non‐compensatory effects of changes in the underlying components (e.g., birth and death rates) determining the focal rates. We refer to these responses as non‐compensatory climate change effects. As differential responses of biological rates to climate change have been documented in a variety of systems and arise at multiple levels of organization within and across species, non‐compensatory effects may be nearly ubiquitous. Yet, how non‐compensatory climate change responses combine and scale to influence the demographics of populations is often unclear and requires mapping them to the birth and death rates underlying population change. We provide a flexible framework for incorporating non‐compensatory changes in upstream rates within and among species and mapping their consequences for additional downstream rates across scales to their eventual effects on population growth rates. Throughout, we provide specific examples and potential applications of the framework. We hope this framework helps to enhance our understanding of and unify research on population responses to climate change.

中文翻译：

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通过非补偿性种内和种间气候变化应对来了解气候变化影响的框架


了解和预测人口对气候变化的反应是一项重大挑战。人口对气候变化反应的一个关键组成部分是，由于基础组成部分（例如出生率和死亡率）变化的非补偿效应，焦点生物率（例如人口增长率）因气候变化而发生变化。聚焦率。我们将这些反应称为非补偿性气候变化效应。由于生物速率对气候变化的不同反应已在各种系统中记录下来，并且在物种内部和物种之间的多个组织层面上出现，非补偿效应可能几乎无处不在。然而，非补偿性气候变化应对措施如何结合和规模影响人口统计数据往往尚不清楚，需要将其与人口变化背后的出生率和死亡率进行映射。我们提供了一个灵活的框架，用于纳入物种内部和物种之间上游速率的非补偿性变化，并将其对跨尺度的额外下游速率的影响映射到它们对人口增长率的最终影响。在整个过程中，我们提供了该框架的具体示例和潜在应用。我们希望这个框架有助于增强我们对人口应对气候变化的理解并统一研究。