The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) will become the most important multilateral agreement to guide biodiversity conservation actions globally over the coming decades. An ecosystem goal and various targets for maintaining integrity, restoring degraded ecosystems, and achieving representation in conservation areas feature throughout the GBF. Here, we provide an operational framework that combines disparate information on ecosystem type, extent, integrity, protection levels, and risk of collapse to support identifying irreplaceable “Critical Ecosystem Areas” (CEAs), to help implement these ecosystem targets. The framework classifies each component ecosystem based on its integrity, importance in ensuring no ecosystem collapse, and relative value in achieving ecosystem-specific representation targets. These CEAs are immediate conservation opportunities given that they achieve multiple ecosystem GBF goals and targets, and we showcase its application using Myanmar's forested ecosystems as a case study.

中文翻译：

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确定关键生态系统区域的操作方法，帮助各国实现昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架


昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架（GBF）将成为未来几十年指导全球生物多样性保护行动的最重要的多边协议。生态系统目标以及维护完整性、恢复退化生态系统和实现保护区代表性的各种目标贯穿整个 GBF。在这里，我们提供了一个操作框架，结合了有关生态系统类型、范围、完整性、保护水平和崩溃风险的不同信息，以支持识别不可替代的“关键生态系统区域”（CEA），以帮助实现这些生态系统目标。该框架根据每个生态系统的完整性、确保生态系统不崩溃的重要性以及实现特定生态系统代表性目标的相对价值对每个生态系统进行分类。这些 CEA 是直接的保护机会，因为它们实现了多个生态系统 GBF 目标和具体目标，我们以缅甸森林生态系统作为案例研究来展示其应用。