Different diversification practices have the potential to reduce pests and therefore pesticide use. Yet, their integration at the agroecosystem level and the evaluation of their multifunctional effects remain limited. Through a two-year field experiment conducted in Germany, we tested whether associating intercropping (faba bean-wheat, followed by breadseed poppy-barley) with pluriannual wildflower strips strengthens the biological regulation of aphid pests and weeds, and enhances cropping system productivity. The contribution of flowering weeds to conservation biological control was also analysed. Aphid but also predator colonization and predation rates on bean and poppy were consistently lower in intercropping compared to sole cropping. Wildflower strips enhanced aphid predation in bean-wheat intercropping, and further reduced aphid colonization at 10 m distance but not at 20 m in poppy-barley intercropping. Weed biomass was consistently reduced in intercropping compared to sole cropping bean and poppy, and did not significantly affect bean and poppy yields in intercropping. The cover of one flowering weed species, Matricaria recutita, was negatively correlated to aphid colonization and positively correlated to predation rate. Matricaria recutita flowers were also visited more often by predatory hoverflies in plots adjacent to wildflower strips. Finally, land equivalent ratio was consistently higher than 1, and the highest in bean-wheat intercropping associated to wildflower strips. The study demonstrates the benefits of associating wildflower strips to intercropping to strengthen biological control and cropping system productivity. Flowering weeds, maintained at an acceptable level through intercropping, turn out to be relevant functional biodiversity in interacting with wildflower strips for conservation biological control.

不同的多样化实践有可能减少害虫，从而减少农药的使用。然而，它们在农业生态系统层面的整合及其多功能效应的评估仍然有限。通过在德国进行的为期两年的田间试验，我们测试了间作（蚕豆-小麦，其次是面包籽罂粟-大麦）与多年生野花条的联合是否可以加强对蚜虫害虫和杂草的生物调节，并提高种植系统的生产力。还分析了开花杂草对保护生物控制的贡献。与单作相比，间作的蚜虫以及捕食者在豆类和罂粟上的定殖和捕食率始终较低。野花带增强了豆类-小麦间作中的蚜虫捕食，并进一步减少了罂粟-大麦间作中10 m距离处的蚜虫定殖，但在20 m距离处没有作用。与单作豆类和罂粟相比，间作的杂草生物量持续减少，并且不会显着影响间作的豆类和罂粟产量。一种开花杂草 Matricaria recutita 的覆盖度与蚜虫定植呈负相关，与捕食率呈正相关。在野花带附近的地块中，捕食性食蚜蝇也更频繁地光顾母菊花。最后，土地当量比始终高于1，并且在与野花带相关的豆麦间作中最高。该研究证明了将野花带与间作结合以增强生物控制和种植系统生产力的好处。 开花杂草通过间作保持在可接受的水平，在与野花带相互作用以进行保护性生物控制方面被证明是相关的功能性生物多样性。