Large-scale neural population recordings with single-cell resolution across the primate brain remain challenging. Here we introduce the Neuroscroll probe that isolates single neuronal activities simultaneously from 1,024 densely spaced channels that are flexibly distributed across the shank of the probe. The Neuroscroll probe length is easily tunable for individual probes from 10 mm to 90 mm, covering the brain size of non-human primates and humans, and the probes remain intact and functional after repeated bending deformations. The Neuroscroll probes provided reliable recordings from large neural populations with high chronic stability up to 105 weeks in rats. Recording with each Neuroscroll probe yielded hundreds of well-isolated single units simultaneously from multiple brain regions distributed across the entire depth of the rhesus macaque brain. With the thousand simultaneously recorded channels, unprecedented probe length, excellent mechanical stability and flexible recording site distribution, the Neuroscroll probes enable a wide range of new experimental paradigms in system neuroscience studies with great versatility.

灵长类动物大脑中具有单细胞分辨率的大规模神经群体记录仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们介绍了 Neuroscroll 探针，它可以同时从灵活分布在探针柄上的 1,024 个密集通道中分离出单个神经元活动。 Neuroscroll 探针长度可轻松调节，单个探针从 10 毫米到 90 毫米，覆盖非人类灵长类动物和人类的大脑大小，并且探针在反复弯曲变形后仍保持完整和功能。 Neuroscroll 探针提供了来自大鼠的大量神经群的可靠记录，具有长达 105 周的高度长期稳定性。使用每个 Neuroscroll 探针进行记录，从分布在恒河猴大脑整个深度的多个大脑区域同时产生数百个隔离良好的单个单元。凭借数千个同时记录的通道、前所未有的探针长度、出色的机械稳定性和灵活的记录位点分布，Neuroscroll 探针在系统神经科学研究中实现了广泛的新实验范例，具有强大的多功能性。