Bacterial chromosomes are large molecules that need to be highly compacted to fit inside the cells. Chromosome compaction must facilitate and maintain key biological processes such as gene expression and DNA transactions (replication, recombination, repair, and segregation). Chromosome and chromatin 3D‐organization in bacteria has been a puzzle for decades. Chromosome conformation capture coupled to deep sequencing (Hi‐C) in combination with other “omics” approaches has allowed dissection of the structural layers that shape bacterial chromosome organization, from DNA topology to global chromosome architecture. Here we review the latest findings using Hi‐C and discuss the main features of bacterial genome folding.

中文翻译：

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细菌基因组组织原理，构象观点


细菌染色体是大分子，需要高度压缩才能适应细胞内部。染色体压缩必须促进和维持关键的生物过程，例如基因表达和 DNA 转换（复制、重组、修复和分离）。几十年来，细菌中染色体和染色质的 3D 组织一直是一个谜。染色体构象捕获与深度测序 (Hi-C) 相结合，结合其他“组学”方法，可以对形成细菌染色体组织的结构层进行剖析，从 DNA 拓扑结构到全局染色体结构。在这里，我们回顾了 Hi-C 的最新发现，并讨论了细菌基因组折叠的主要特征。