Forests play a pivotal role in delivering diverse ecosystem services, underscoring the need for effective care and management. Ecosystem service management recognizes the importance of integrating forestry within a broader framework that encompasses rural development, agriculture, landscape management, and environmental protection. This study focuses on structural policy coordination for forest management in the legal system requiring multiple actors' obligations with the case of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) by examining the relevant laws. We examined the selected 223 forest-related articles from 56 laws. Forest-related articles were categorized into three ecosystem services—provisioning, supporting and regulating, and cultural services— and analyzed focusing on deontic and actor-oriented meaning based on the concept of legal accountability. The results demonstrated structural policy coordination between the forest and agricultural sectors dominantly to enhance provisioning services for optimizing agricultural productivity while preserving productive forest resources. Policy coordination between the forest and urban sectors was developed dominantly to enhance cultural services of forests through collaborative endeavors for forest and green space planning and management in urban areas. Policy coordination between the forest and environmental sectors was developed dominantly to enhance supporting and regulating services through undertaking collaborative actions for habitat preservation, wildlife protection and soil conservation. This research revealed that structural policy coordination occurred to manage multiple ecosystem services between forest and non-forest sectors in the DPRK. The findings enrich our understanding of coordinated legislation based on the design of legal accountability in forest ecosystem services management.

中文翻译：

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法律问责体系中森林生态系统服务管理的结构性政策协调


森林在提供多样化生态系统服务方面发挥着关键作用，凸显了有效照料和管理的必要性。生态系统服务管理认识到将林业纳入包括农村发展、农业、景观管理和环境保护的更广泛框架的重要性。本研究以朝鲜民主主义人民共和国（DPRK）为例，通过审查相关法律，重点探讨法律体系中森林管理的结构性政策协调，要求多方承担义务。我们审查了 56 部法律中选定的 223 条与森林相关的条款。将森林相关文章分为提供、支持和调节、文化服务三大生态系统服务，并基于法律责任的概念，重点分析道义意义和行为者导向意义。结果表明，森林和农业部门之间的结构性政策协调主要是为了加强供应服务，以优化农业生产力，同时保护生产性森林资源。森林和城市部门之间的政策协调主要是通过城市地区森林和绿地规划和管理的协作来增强森林文化服务。森林和环境部门之间的政策协调主要是通过在栖息地保护、野生动物保护和土壤保持方面采取合作行动来加强支持和监管服务。这项研究表明，结构性政策协调是为了管理朝鲜森林和非森林部门之间的多种生态系统服务。 研究结果丰富了我们对基于森林生态系统服务管理法律责任设计的协调立法的理解。