The right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) has been proposed as a convergence site for the dorsal attention network (DAN) and ventral attention network (VAN), regulating both networks and enabling flexible modulation of attention. However, it is unclear whether the connections between the right MFG and these networks can predict changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. This study used data from the Children School Functions and Brain Development project ( = 713, 56.2% boys). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed to analyze the connections of the right MFG with the DAN/VAN; connectome-based predictive modeling was applied for longitudinal prediction, and ADHD polygenic risk scores were used for genetic analysis. ADHD symptoms were associated with the connections between the right MFG and DAN subregion, including the frontal eye field, as well as the VAN subregions, namely the inferior parietal lobule and inferior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, these connections of the right MFG with the frontal eye field, the inferior parietal lobule, and the inferior frontal gyrus could significantly predict changes in ADHD symptoms over 1 year and mediate the prediction of ADHD symptom changes by polygenic risk scores for ADHD. Finally, the validation samples confirmed that the functional connectivity between the right MFG and the frontal eye field/inferior parietal lobule in patients with ADHD was significantly weaker than that in typically developing control participants, and this difference disappeared after medication. The connection of the right MFG with the DAN and VAN can serve as a predictive indicator for changes in ADHD symptoms over the following year, while also mediating the prediction of ADHD symptom changes by a polygenic risk score for ADHD. These findings hold promise as potential biomarkers for early identification of children who are at risk of developing ADHD.

中文翻译：

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额中回和背腹注意网络之间的连接与注意症状的发展相关


右额中回（MFG）被提议作为背侧注意网络（DAN）和腹侧注意网络（VAN）的汇聚点，调节这两个网络并实现注意力的灵活调节。然而，尚不清楚右 MFG 和这些网络之间的联系是否可以预测注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 症状的变化。本研究使用了儿童学校功能和大脑发育项目的数据（= 713 名，56.2% 是男孩）。采用静息态功能磁共振成像分析右侧MFG与DAN/VAN的连接；基于连接组的预测模型用于纵向预测，ADHD 多基因风险评分用于遗传分析。 ADHD 症状与右侧 MFG 和 DAN 亚区域（包括额眼区）以及 VAN 亚区域（即顶下小叶和额下回）之间的连接有关。此外，右侧 MFG 与额眼区、顶下小叶和额下回的这些连接可以显着预测 1 年内 ADHD 症状的变化，并通过 ADHD 多基因风险评分介导 ADHD 症状变化的预测。最后，验证样本证实，ADHD 患者的右侧 MFG 与额眼野/顶下小叶之间的功能连接明显弱于正常发育的对照参与者，并且这种差异在用药后消失。 正确的 MFG 与 DAN 和 VAN 的联系可以作为未来一年 ADHD 症状变化的预测指标，同时还通过 ADHD 多基因风险评分来调节 ADHD 症状变化的预测。这些发现有望成为早期识别有患多动症风险的儿童的潜在生物标志物。