The quest for viable and scalable biofuel sources has been at the forefront of scientific innovation for the past three decades. Due to its rich chemical constituents, microalgal biomass has emerged as a pivotal sustainable and scalable feedstock for biorefineries. This comprehensive review critically analyzes the different types of microalgae feedstock, concurrent extraction technologies, bio-pre-treatment procedures, and the key chemical and physical parameters influencing lipid formation and algal biofuel production. We propose a novel approach of photo-initiated culturing of algal biomass using photobioreactors (PBRs) to address the limitations of concurrent space and time-related constraints. The innovative photo bio-refinery strategy presented herein aims to enhance sustainability factors while minimizing emissions, catering to the needs of futuristic non-electric vehicles. A comparative quality analysis of microalgae-derived biofuel against conventional fossil fuels and other biofuels is conducted, considering chemical, environmental, economic, and social perspectives. Furthermore, we elucidate the efficacy of bio-pre-treatment strategies such as dehydration, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification in optimizing biofuel production. The proposed photo biorefineries exhibit the potential to yield a diverse range of value-added products, including biodiesel, biogases, bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, bio-alcohols, dyes, proteins, carotenoids, and drug vitals. This review provides a comprehensive framework for the development of sustainable and efficient microalgae-based biorefineries, paving the way for a greener and more economically viable future in the biofuel industry.

中文翻译：

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基于藻类生物质的生物精炼厂：可持续原料的并发预处理策略和前景


过去三十年来，寻找可行且可扩展的生物燃料来源一直处于科学创新的前沿。由于其丰富的化学成分，微藻生物质已成为生物精炼厂关键的可持续和可扩展的原料。这篇全面的综述批判性地分析了不同类型的微藻原料、同时提取技术、生物预处理程序以及影响脂质形成和藻类生物燃料生产的关键化学和物理参数。我们提出了一种使用光生物反应器（PBR）光引发藻类生物质培养的新方法，以解决并发空间和时间相关约束的局限性。本文提出的创新光生物精炼策略旨在增强可持续性因素，同时最大限度地减少排放，满足未来非电动汽车的需求。考虑化学、环境、经济和社会角度，对微藻衍生生物燃料与传统化石燃料和其他生物燃料进行质量比较分析。此外，我们阐明了脱水、水热液化、热解和气化等生物预处理策略在优化生物燃料生产中的功效。拟议的光生物精炼厂具有生产各种增值产品的潜力，包括生物柴油、沼气、生物肥料、生物农药、生物醇、染料、蛋白质、类胡萝卜素和药物生命物质。该综述为可持续、高效的微藻生物精炼厂的发展提供了一个全面的框架，为生物燃料行业更环保、更经济可行的未来铺平了道路。