Sexual minority groups experience elevated risk across a range of adverse outcomes. Previous studies from the USA showed that these risks include contact with the criminal justice system for sexual minority females but not for males. This study examined whether this relationship between sexual minority status and criminal behavior was also found in a more secular country like the Netherlands with more progressive attitudes toward sexual minorities. Furthermore, the study aimed to examine whether this relationship applied to various types of crime and could be explained by unmeasured familial factors. Longitudinal data from the Dutch national population, including 75,362 individuals in a same-sex relationship and 3,464,906 individuals in opposite-sex relationships, were used to compare the risk of crime among males and females in same-sex and opposite-sex unions. Discordant sibling models were included to increase control over possible sources of confounding from shared familial factors. Analyses were repeated for six types of crime, including property offenses, violence, vandalism, and public order offenses, traffic offenses, drugs offenses, and other offenses. The results showed that the direction of the associations between same-sex relationships and offending differed for men and women. In general, men in same-sex relationships were less likely to be a suspect of crime compared to those in opposite-sex relationships [odds ratio (OR) = 0.685; p < .001]. Women in same-sex relationships exhibited higher risk than those in opposite-sex unions (OR = 1.560; p < .001). Similar patterns emerged for most crime types and the discordant sibling models yielded conclusions that were substantively similar to those among the total population.

性少数群体在一系列不良后果中面临较高的风险。美国之前的研究表明，这些风险包括性少数女性与刑事司法系统的接触，但男性则不然。这项研究探讨了性少数群体地位与犯罪行为之间的这种关系是否也存在于像荷兰这样对性少数群体持更进步态度的更加世俗的国家。此外，该研究旨在检验这种关系是否适用于各种类型的犯罪，以及是否可以通过不可测量的家庭因素来解释。使用来自荷兰全国人口的纵向数据（包括 75,362 名同性关系个体和 3,464,906 名异性关系个体）来比较同性和异性婚姻中男性和女性的犯罪风险。纳入不一致的兄弟姐妹模型是为了加强对共同家庭因素可能造成的混杂来源的控制。对六种犯罪类型进行了重复分析，包括财产犯罪、暴力、破坏公共秩序犯罪、交通犯罪、毒品犯罪和其他犯罪。结果表明，男性和女性的同性关系与犯罪之间的关联方向不同。一般来说，与异性关系中的男性相比，同性关系中的男性成为犯罪嫌疑人的可能性较小[比值比 (OR) = 0.685； p < .001]。同性关系中的女性比异性关系中的女性表现出更高的风险（OR = 1.560；p < .001）。大多数犯罪类型都出现了类似的模式，不一致的兄弟模型得出的结论与总人口中的结论基本相似。