Water and iron are crucial elements for soybean growth and development, particularly in calcareous soils and arid climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to improve iron and water use efficiency and enhance soybean resilience to water scarcity and iron deficiency. So, the effect of 16 treatments; 4 deficit irrigation water regimes (25, 50, 75 and 100 % crop water requirements (CWR)) combined to 4 foliar iron gradual concentrations (F0=0, F1=1, F2=3 and F3=5 g/L of FeSO) applied at 3–4 leaves, at the beginning of flowering and at the end of flowering; was investigated in this split plot experiment with 4 replicates. Our results showed that supplying iron and water to plants can improve chlorophyll florescence a, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, yield, iron uptake, and protein content. Determining the optimal combination of deficit irrigation treatment and gradual iron sulfate concentrations for soybean is an alternative to save water and improve growth parameters. In our manuscript, we can conclude that 75 % CWR × F2 is the best combination of the two factors that led to the same biological yield as 100 % CWR. Consequently, we can say that applying F2 as a foliar iron concentration led to an economy of 25 % of the soybean crop water requirement by ensuring an adequate supply of soluble iron, facilitating root uptake, promoting protein synthesis, enhancing chlorophyll formation, and supporting overall nutrient uptake and metabolism.

中文翻译：

---

干旱气候条件下，连续赤字灌溉和叶面铁肥的交互作用能够在多大程度上改善钙质土壤中生长的大豆的生理和农艺状况？


水和铁是大豆生长和发育的关键元素，特别是在钙质土壤和干旱气候条件下。本研究的目的是提高铁和水的利用效率，增强大豆对缺水和缺铁的抵御能力。那么，16次治疗的效果； 4 种赤字灌溉水状况（25、50、75 和 100% 作物需水量 (CWR)）与 4 种叶面铁逐渐浓度（F0=0、F1=1、F2=3 和 F3=5g/L FeSO4）相结合3-4片叶、花初、花末施药；在此裂区实验中进行了 4 个重复的研究。我们的结果表明，向植物供应铁和水可以提高叶绿素花期a、叶绿素含量、气孔导度、产量、铁吸收和蛋白质含量。确定大豆缺水灌溉处理和逐渐硫酸铁浓度的最佳组合是节约用水和改善生长参数的替代方案。在我们的手稿中，我们可以得出结论，75% CWR × F2 是导致与 100% CWR 相同的生物产量的两个因素的最佳组合。因此，我们可以说，通过确保充足的可溶性铁供应、促进根部吸收、促进蛋白质合成、增强叶绿素形成和支持整体，施用F2作为叶面铁浓度可节省大豆作物需水量的25%。营养吸收和代谢。