The rapidly growing number of objects encircling our planet is an increasing concern. Collisions between these objects have already occurred and pose a potential threat in the future, resulting in the creation of countless debris fragments. In particular, the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region is densely populated and highly contested. This underscores the critical importance of space surveillance in this area. Moreover, the utilization of Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) is also on the rise. To ensure the safety and functionality of operational satellites, it is paramount to accurately determine and continuously monitor the orbits of space objects, mitigating the risk of collisions. Precise and timely predictions of future trajectories are essential for this purpose. In response to these challenges, this survey paper provides a comprehensive review of various methods proposed in the literature for Orbit Determination (OD). It also identifies research gaps and suggests potential directions for future studies, emphasizing the pressing need for adequate Space Situational Awareness (SSA).

中文翻译：

---

空间态势感知的轨道确定：一项调查


环绕地球的物体数量迅速增加，日益引起人们的关注。这些物体之间的碰撞已经发生，并对未来构成潜在威胁，导致产生无数碎片。特别是近地轨道（LEO）区域人口稠密且竞争激烈。这强调了太空监视在这一领域的至关重要性。此外，中地球轨道（MEO）和地球同步地球轨道（GEO）的利用也在增加。为了确保运行卫星的安全和功能，准确确定并持续监测空间物体的轨道、降低碰撞风险至关重要。为此，准确及时地预测未来轨迹至关重要。为了应对这些挑战，本调查论文对轨道确定（OD）文献中提出的各种方法进行了全面回顾。它还确定了研究差距并提出了未来研究的潜在方向，强调了充分的空间态势感知（SSA）的迫切需要。