Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are gaining popularity due to their wide source of raw materials and low manufacturing cost. However, the thermal runaway (TR) characteristics and hazards of SIBs are currently unknown. In this study, the TR characteristics and hazards of three types of 18650 batteries, SIB with NaTMO (NTM) as the cathode and two types of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with LiFePO (LFP) and LiNiCoMnO (NCM) as the cathode, are investigated and comparatively analyzed by using a standard accelerated calorimeter (ARC). The TR maximum temperature and the maximum temperature rise rate of the NTM battery are 511.7 °C and 2285.5 °C/min, respectively, which are intermediate between the LFP and NCM batteries. The calculation results show that the frequency factor (ln) and activation energy () of the NTM batteries are 13.312 lg /s and 0.8840 × 10 J /mol, respectively. Under natural convection conditions, a fully charged NTM battery can spontaneously ignite if the storage temperature exceeds 169.6 °C. Finally, the TR hazard of SIB and LIBs are qualitatively evaluated by the TR assessment model, the TR hazard of NTM is between LFP and NCM batteries, with a preference for LFP battery. This work is instructive for the hazard assessment of SIB and promotes the development of research on the SIB safety.

中文翻译：

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使用加速量热法比较钠离子和锂离子电池的热失控危害


钠离子电池（SIB）由于其原材料来源广泛和制造成本低廉而越来越受欢迎。然而，SIB的热失控（TR）特性和危害目前尚不清楚。本研究中，以NaTMO（NTM）为正极的SIB以及以LiFePO（LFP）和LiNiCoMnO（NCM）为正极的两种锂离子电池（LIB）三种类型18650电池的TR特性和危害，使用标准加速量热计（ARC）进行研究和比较分析。 NTM电池的TR最高温度和最大升温速率分别为511.7℃和2285.5℃/min，介于LFP和NCM电池之间。计算结果表明，NTM电池的频率因子（ln）和活化能（）分别为13.312 lg /s和0.8840×10 J /mol。在自然对流条件下，充满电的NTM电池如果储存温度超过169.6℃就会自燃。最后，利用TR评估模型对SIB和LIB的TR危害进行定性评估，其中NTM的TR危害介于磷酸铁锂和三元电池之间，且优先选择磷酸铁锂电池。该工作对SIB的危害评估具有指导意义，促进了SIB安全研究的发展。