Hunting for pigments in bacterial settlers of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,Environmental Microbiology

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Hunting for pigments in bacterial settlers of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-20 , DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16639
Brittan S Scales ₁ , Christiane Hassenrück ₁ , Lynn Moldaenke _{1,

2} , Julia Hassa ₂ , Christian Rückert-Reed ₂ , Christoph Rummel ₃ , Corinna Völkner ₄ , Robby Rynek ₃ , Tobias Busche ₂ , Jörn Kalinowski ₂ , Annika Jahnke _{3,

5} , Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen ₃ , Katrin Wendt-Potthoff ₄ , Sonja Oberbeckmann _{1,

6}

Affiliation

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a significant collection of plastic introduced by human activities, provides an ideal environment to study bacterial lifestyles on plastic substrates. We proposed that bacteria colonizing the floating plastic debris would develop strategies to deal with the ultraviolet‐exposed substrate, such as the production of antioxidant pigments. We observed a variety of pigmentation in 67 strains that were directly cultivated from plastic pieces sampled from the Garbage Patch. The genomic analysis of four representative strains, each distinct in taxonomy, revealed multiple pathways for carotenoid production. These pathways include those that produce less common carotenoids and a cluster of photosynthetic genes. This cluster appears to originate from a potentially new species of the Rhodobacteraceae family. This represents the first report of an aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacterium from plastic biofilms. Spectral analysis showed that the bacteria actively produce carotenoids, such as beta‐carotene and beta‐cryptoxanthin, and bacteriochlorophyll a. Furthermore, we discovered that the genetic ability to synthesize carotenoids is more common in plastic biofilms than in the surrounding water communities. Our findings suggest that plastic biofilms could be an overlooked source of bacteria‐produced carotenoids, including rare forms. It also suggests that photoreactive molecules might play a crucial role in bacterial biofilm communities in surface water.

中文翻译：

在太平洋垃圾带的细菌定居者中寻找色素

大太平洋垃圾带是人类活动引入的重要塑料集合，为研究塑料基质上的细菌生活方式提供了理想的环境。我们提出，漂浮在塑料碎片上的细菌会制定出处理暴露于紫外线的基质的策略，例如生产抗氧化颜料。我们观察到 67 个菌株有多种色素沉着，这些菌株是直接从垃圾带取样的塑料片中培养出来的。对四种代表性菌株的基因组分析（每种菌株在分类学上都不同）揭示了类胡萝卜素生产的多种途径。这些途径包括产生不太常见的类胡萝卜素和一组光合基因的途径。这个簇似乎起源于一个潜在的新物种红杆菌科家庭。这是来自塑料生物膜的需氧不产氧光异养细菌的首次报道。光谱分析表明，细菌积极产生类胡萝卜素，例如β-胡萝卜素和β-隐黄质，以及细菌叶绿素a。此外，我们发现合成类胡萝卜素的遗传能力在塑料生物膜中比在周围的水群落中更常见。我们的研究结果表明，塑料生物膜可能是细菌产生的类胡萝卜素（包括罕见形式）的一个被忽视的来源。它还表明光反应分子可能在地表水中的细菌生物膜群落中发挥至关重要的作用。

更新日期：2024-06-20

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