Tessier number 3 and 4 clefts result from failed fusion of facial processes during embryogenesis, and cause functional, psychosocial, and cosmetic morbidity. Given their rarity and heterogeneity, they present a unique challenge to the reconstructive surgeon, with limited literature for guidance. The purpose of this update is to summarize Tessier number 3 and 4 clefts with a focus on recent literature and expert opinion.

中文翻译：

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非典型面部裂：Tessier 3 号和 4 号裂。


Tessier 3 号和 4 号裂口是胚胎发生过程中面部过程融合失败造成的，并导致功能、心理和美容疾病。鉴于它们的稀有性和异质性，它们对重建外科医生提出了独特的挑战，可供指导的文献有限。本次更新的目的是总结 Tessier 3 号和 4 号裂缝，重点关注最新文献和专家意见。