The current study aims to examine predictors of subjective health, including its relation with happiness, at the individual and family levels. For this purpose, we analyzed data collected from spouses representing each family (9,634 families, N = 19,268). A multilevel analysis was conducted to examine both individual- and family-level variables associated with subjective health evaluations. Individual-level variables were gender, age, education, employment, presence of chronic illness, smoking, alcohol use, and individual happiness. Family-level variables were socioeconomic status, number of children, household size, length of the marriage (in a year), presence of an elderly person who needs care in the household, presence of a disabled person who needs care in the household, and family happiness. The results showed that subjective health is enhanced by being man, younger, employed, highly educated, free from chronic illness, and experiencing greater levels of happiness at the individual level. In addition, poorer subjective health is associated with caring for an elderly or disabled family member and having a higher number of children in the household at the family level. However, individuals had better subjective health at the family level when socioeconomic status was higher, greater family happiness, and greater household size existed. The current study is important since research that simultaneously considers individual- and family-level happiness has been scarce in the literature. Thus, the findings would enhance the current understanding of the link between happiness and health.

目前的研究旨在检查个人和家庭层面主观健康的预测因素，包括其与幸福的关系。为此，我们分析了从代表每个家庭的配偶（9,634 个家庭，N = 19,268）收集的数据。进行多层次分析以检查与主观健康评估相关的个人和家庭层面的变量。个人层面的变量包括性别、年龄、教育、就业、慢性病、吸烟、饮酒和个人幸福感。家庭层面的变量包括社会经济地位、子女数量、家庭规模、婚姻期限（一年）、家中是否有需要照顾的老人、家中是否有需要照顾的残疾人以及家庭幸福。结果表明，作为男性、更年轻、有工作、受过高等教育、没有慢性病以及在个人层面上体验更高水平的幸福感，主观健康状况会得到改善。此外，主观健康状况较差与照顾老人或残疾家庭成员以及家庭中子女数量较多有关。然而，当社会经济地位较高、家庭幸福感较高、家庭规模较大时，个人在家庭层面的主观健康状况较好。目前的研究很重要，因为同时考虑个人和家庭幸福感的研究在文献中很少见。因此，这些发现将增强目前对幸福与健康之间联系的理解。