Synchronous neuronal activity is a hallmark of the developing brain. In the mouse cerebral cortex, activity decorrelates during the second week of postnatal development, progressively acquiring the characteristic sparse pattern underlying the integration of sensory information. The maturation of inhibition seems critical for this process, but the interneurons involved in this crucial transition of network activity in the developing cortex remain unknown. Using longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging during the period that precedes the change from highly synchronous to decorrelated activity, we identify somatostatin-expressing (SST+) interneurons as critical modulators of this switch in mice. Modulation of the activity of SST+ cells accelerates or delays the decorrelation of cortical network activity, a process that involves regulating the maturation of parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. SST+ cells critically link sensory inputs with local circuits, controlling the neural dynamics in the developing cortex while modulating the integration of other interneurons into nascent cortical circuits.

中文翻译：

---

生长抑素中间神经元控制皮质网络发育去同步的时间


同步神经元活动是大脑发育的标志。在小鼠大脑皮层中，活动在出生后发育的第二周内去相关，逐渐获得感觉信息整合背后的特征性稀疏模式。抑制的成熟似乎对于这一过程至关重要，但参与发育中皮层网络活动这一关键转变的中间神经元仍然未知。在从高度同步活动转变为不相关活动之前的时期，我们使用纵向双光子钙成像，将表达生长抑素（SST+）的中间神经元确定为小鼠中这种转换的关键调节剂。调节 SST+ 细胞的活性可加速或延迟皮质网络活动的去相关性，该过程涉及调节表达小白蛋白 (PV+) 的中间神经元的成熟。 SST+ 细胞将感觉输入与局部回路关键地联系起来，控制发育中皮层的神经动力学，同时调节其他中间神经元与新生皮层回路的整合。