Effective management of fecal sludge (FS) is essential for preventing environmental and public health risks. Developing safe and efficient FS treatment technology is crucial for reducing the health risks of onsite sanitation systems. In this study, bioelectrochemical toilets (BETs) were developed to treat FS onsite. Compared with the open-circuit BETs (OC-BETs), BETs exhibited higher removal efficiencies for total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Specifically, the enhancements in removal efficiencies were 18.82 ± 1.73 %, 7.28 ± 0.32 %, and 11.41 ± 0.05 % for urine, and 19.28 ± 4.08 %, 21.65 ± 1.23 %, and 24.68 ± 0.95 % for feces, respectively. Microbiome analysis indicated that the dominant populations were affiliated with electroactive bacteria ( and ) in the electrode biofilm of BETs. The species co-occurrence network showed that the electrode biofilm microbiome in BETs had more complex correlations than that in OC-BETs, suggesting that a weak electrical current enhanced the microbiome stability. The relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in BETs and OC-BETs reduced by 59.85 ± 1.32 % and 53.01 ± 2.81 % compared with the initial FS, respectively. These findings indicate that BETs are an alternative system for enhancing onsite treatment of fecal sludge and provide a theoretical foundation for the implementation of BETs.

中文翻译：

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生物电化学厕所中的微生物组和抗生素抗性组用于粪便污泥现场处理


粪便污泥（FS）的有效管理对于预防环境和公共卫生风险至关重要。开发安全高效的FS处理技术对于降低现场卫生系统的健康风险至关重要。在这项研究中，开发了生物电化学厕所（BET）来现场治疗 FS。与开路BET（OC-BET）相比，BET对总有机碳、总氮和总磷表现出更高的去除效率。具体而言，尿液去除效率分别提高了 18.82 ± 1.73 %、7.28 ± 0.32 % 和 11.41 ± 0.05 %，粪便去除效率分别提高了 19.28 ± 4.08 %、21.65 ± 1.23 % 和 24.68 ± 0.95 %。微生物组分析表明，优势菌群与 BET 电极生物膜中的电活性细菌 ( 和 ) 相关。物种共现网络表明，BET 中的电极生物膜微生物组比 OC-BET 中的电极生物膜微生物组具有更复杂的相关性，这表明弱电流增强了微生物组的稳定性。与初始FS相比，BET和OC-BET中抗生素抗性基因的相对丰度分别减少了59.85±1.32％和53.01±2.81％。这些发现表明BETs是加强粪便污泥现场处理的替代系统，并为BETs的实施提供了理论基础。