Sexually reproducing eukaryotes employ a developmentally regulated cell division program—meiosis—to generate haploid gametes from diploid germ cells. To understand how gametes arise, we generated a proteomic census encompassing the entire meiotic program of budding yeast. We found that concerted waves of protein expression and phosphorylation modify nearly all cellular pathways to support meiotic entry, meiotic progression, and gamete morphogenesis. Leveraging this comprehensive resource, we pinpointed dynamic changes in mitochondrial components and showed that phosphorylation of the F_oF₁-ATP synthase complex is required for efficient gametogenesis. Furthermore, using cryoET as an orthogonal approach to visualize mitochondria, we uncovered highly ordered filament arrays of Ald4^ALDH2, a conserved aldehyde dehydrogenase that is highly expressed and phosphorylated during meiosis. Notably, phosphorylation-resistant mutants failed to accumulate filaments, suggesting that phosphorylation regulates context-specific Ald4^ALDH2 polymerization. Overall, this proteomic census constitutes a broad resource to guide the exploration of the unique sequence of events underpinning gametogenesis.

有性生殖的真核生物采用发育调节的细胞分裂程序（减数分裂）从二倍体生殖细胞产生单倍体配子。为了了解配子是如何产生的，我们进行了蛋白质组普查，涵盖了芽殖酵母的整个减数分裂程序。我们发现，蛋白质表达和磷酸化的协同波改变了几乎所有细胞途径，以支持减数分裂进入、减数分裂进展和配子形态发生。利用这一综合资源，我们查明了线粒体成分的动态变化，并表明 F _o F ₁ -ATP 合酶复合物的磷酸化是有效配子发生所必需的。此外，使用 CryoET 作为可视化线粒体的正交方法，我们发现了高度有序的 Ald4 ^ALDH2丝阵列，这是一种保守的乙醛脱氢酶，在减数分裂过程中高度表达和磷酸化。值得注意的是，磷酸化抗性突变体未能积累细丝，这表明磷酸化调节特定环境的 Ald4 ^ALDH2聚合。总体而言，这次蛋白质组普查构成了广泛的资源，可以指导探索支撑配子发生的独特事件序列。