From ubiquity to specificity: The diverse functions of bacterial thioredoxin systems,Environmental Microbiology

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From ubiquity to specificity: The diverse functions of bacterial thioredoxin systems
Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-20 , DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16668
Cyril Anjou ₁ , Aurélie Lotoux ₁ , Claire Morvan ₁ , Isabelle Martin-Verstraete _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The thioredoxin (Trx) system, found universally, is responsible for the regeneration of reversibly oxidized protein thiols in living cells. This system is made up of a Trx and a Trx reductase, and it plays a central role in maintaining thiol‐based redox homeostasis by reducing oxidized protein thiols, such as disulfide bonds in proteins. Some Trxs also possess a chaperone function that is independent of thiol‐disulfide exchange, in addition to their thiol‐disulfide reductase activity. These two activities of the Trx system are involved in numerous physiological processes in bacteria. This review describes the diverse physiological roles of the Trx system that have emerged throughout bacterial evolution. The Trx system is essential for responding to oxidative and nitrosative stress. Beyond this primary function, the Trx system also participates in redox regulation and signal transduction, and in controlling metabolism, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. This range of functions has evolved alongside the diversity of bacterial lifestyles and their specific constraints. This evolution can be characterized by the multiplication of the systems and by the specialization of cofactors or targets to adapt to the constraints of atypical lifestyles, such as photosynthesis, insect endosymbiosis, or spore‐forming bacteria.

中文翻译：

从普遍性到特异性：细菌硫氧还蛋白系统的多种功能

普遍存在的硫氧还蛋白（Trx）系统负责活细胞中可逆氧化的蛋白质硫醇的再生。该系统由 Trx 和 Trx 还原酶组成，通过还原氧化的蛋白质硫醇（例如蛋白质中的二硫键），在维持基于硫醇的氧化还原稳态中发挥核心作用。除了硫醇二硫键还原酶活性外，一些 Trx 还具有独立于硫醇二硫键交换的伴侣功能。 Trx 系统的这两种活动参与细菌的许多生理过程。这篇综述描述了 Trx 系统在细菌进化过程中发挥的多种生理作用。 Trx 系统对于响应氧化和亚硝化应激至关重要。除了这一主要功能之外，Trx 系统还参与氧化还原调节和信号转导，以及控制代谢、运动、生物膜形成和毒力。这一系列功能随着细菌生活方式的多样性及其特定限制而进化。这种进化的特点是系统的倍增以及辅助因子或目标的专门化，以适应非典型生活方式的限制，例如光合作用、昆虫内共生或孢子形成细菌。

更新日期：2024-06-20

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