Brain fog, referring to menopause-related subjective cognitive difficulties, is common in midlife women. Longitudinal studies find small but reliable declines in objective memory performance as women transition into perimenopause, and these are not explained by advancing age alone. When memory declines occur, performance levels remain within normal limits for all but a very small number of women. Women's experience of brain fog extends beyond memory complaints, reflecting the negative effect on a broad range of cognitive abilities. Clinicians can counsel women about how menopause symptoms, estrogen, hormone therapy, and modifiable risk factors (eg, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle) can influence cognitive health.

中文翻译：

---

更年期和脑雾：如何咨询和治疗中年女性。


脑雾，指的是与更年期相关的主观认知困难，在中年女性中很常见。纵向研究发现，随着女性进入围绝经期，客观记忆表现会出现小幅但可靠的下降，而这些下降并不能仅用年龄增长来解释。当记忆力下降时，除了极少数女性外，所有女性的表现水平仍保持在正常范围内。女性的脑雾经历不仅仅是记忆问题，反映了对广泛认知能力的负面影响。临床医生可以向女性提供关于更年期症状、雌激素、激素治疗和可改变的危险因素（例如高血压、久坐的生活方式）如何影响认知健康的建议。