Even in the absence of specific sensory input or a behavioral task, the brain produces structured patterns of activity. This organized activity is modulated by changes in arousal. Here, we use wide-field voltage imaging to establish how arousal relates to cortical network voltage and hemodynamic activity in spontaneously behaving head-fixed male and female mice expressing the voltage-sensitive fluorescent FRET sensor Butterfly 1.2. We find that global voltage and hemodynamic signals are both positively correlated with changes in arousal with a maximum correlation of 0.5 and 0.25, respectively, at a time lag of 0 s. We next show that arousal influences distinct cortical regions for both voltage and hemodynamic signals. These include a broad positive correlation across most sensory-motor cortices extending posteriorly to the primary visual cortex observed in both signals. In contrast, activity in the prefrontal cortex is positively correlated to changes in arousal for the voltage signal while it is a slight net negative correlation observed in the hemodynamic signal. Additionally, we show that coherence between voltage and hemodynamic signals relative to arousal is strongest for slow frequencies below 0.15 Hz and is near zero for frequencies >1 Hz. We finally show that coupling patterns are dependent on the behavioral state of the animal with correlations being driven by periods of increased orofacial movement. Our results indicate that while hemodynamic signals show strong relations to behavior and arousal, these relations are distinct from those observed by voltage activity.

即使没有特定的感官输入或行为任务，大脑也会产生结构化的活动模式。这种有组织的活动受到唤醒变化的调节。在这里，我们使用宽场电压成像来确定表达电压敏感荧光 FRET 传感器 Butterfly 1.2 的自发行为的头部固定雄性和雌性小鼠的唤醒与皮质网络电压和血流动力学活动的关系。我们发现，全局电压和血流动力学信号均与觉醒变化呈正相关，在 0 秒的时间延迟时，最大相关性分别为 0.5 和 0.25。接下来我们表明，唤醒会影响电压和血流动力学信号的不同皮质区域。这些包括在两个信号中观察到的大多数感觉运动皮层向后延伸到初级视觉皮层的广泛正相关性。相反，前额皮质的活动与电压信号的唤醒变化呈正相关，而在血流动力学信号中观察到轻微的净负相关。此外，我们还发现，对于低于 0.15 Hz 的慢频率，电压和血流动力学信号相对于唤醒的相关性最强，而对于 >1 Hz 的频率则接近于零。我们最终表明，耦合模式取决于动物的行为状态，而相关性是由口面部运动增加的时期驱动的。我们的结果表明，虽然血流动力学信号与行为和觉醒有很强的关系，但这些关系与电压活动观察到的关系不同。