This study investigated the infestation of tomato plants by the plant-parasitic nematode, M. incognita, and its accurate detection by plant electrophysiology (PE). Dedicated tests were done on whole plants to record electrophysiological signals from nematode infested and uninfested plants and to establish a trained model indicating nematode-induced stress. Monitoring nematode-induced stress by PE confirmed the results obtained by assessing root galls and quantifying xylem sap 3 to 4 weeks after infestation. The machine learning model captured the stress intensities and the time course of plant damage caused by nematodes. Stress caused by second-stage juveniles (J2) infestation appeared 3 to 5 days after infestation (DAI), whereas stress caused by egg infestation was detected 5 to 7 days later (10–13 DAI). For the first time, the real-time effectiveness of nematicides was recorded in further tests. Nematode infested plants treated preventatively with cyclobutrifluram (TYMIRIUM® technology) showed a delayed and short (about 3 days) period of low stress intensity, whereas infested but untreated plants showed a period of maximum stress for about 12 days. In addition, depending on the type of application (preventative or curative), different modes of biological activity of IRAC group N-2 and N-3 nematicides (fluopyram, abamectin) could be captured by PE signalling. PE offers a new way of monitoring plant health in real time, which is particularly valuable for accessing ‘invisible’ pests, such as plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil.

本研究调查了植物寄生线虫 M. incognita 对番茄植株的侵染情况，并通过植物电生理学 (PE) 对其进行准确检测。对整个植物进行了专门的测试，记录线虫侵染和未侵染植物的电生理信号，并建立指示线虫诱导胁迫的训练模型。通过 PE 监测线虫引起的应激，证实了通过在侵染后 3 至 4 周评估根瘿和量化木质部汁液获得的结果。机器学习模型捕获了线虫引起的胁迫强度和植物损害的时间过程。由第二阶段幼虫 (J2) 感染引起的应激在感染后 3 至 5 天 (DAI) 出现，而​​由卵感染引起的应激在 5 至 7 天后 (10-13 DAI) 检测到。在进一步的测试中首次记录了杀线虫剂的实时有效性。用环丁氟酰胺（TYMIRIUM®技术）预防性处理的受线虫侵染的植物表现出延迟且短（约3天）的低胁迫强度期，而受侵染但未经处理的植物表现出约12天的最大胁迫期。此外，根据应用类型（预防性或治疗性），IRAC N-2 和 N-3 类杀线虫剂（氟吡菌酰胺、阿维菌素）的不同生物活性模式可以通过 PE 信号捕获。 PE 提供了一种实时监测植物健康状况的新方法，这对于获取“看不见的”害虫（例如土壤中的植物寄生线虫）特别有价值。