As an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the sludge discharged from wastewater treatment plants is the key intermediate for ARG transport into the environment. -and-like organisms (BALOs) are predatory bacteria that are expected to attack antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). In this study, the screened BALOs (C3 & D15) were mixed with the sludge for biolysis to achieve the satisfying removal efficiencies of six genes, two genes, and one mobile genetic element ( 1). Among them, (Q) demonstrated the highest reduction rate in relative abundance at 87.3 ± 1.0 %, while (X) displayed the lowest of 11.7 ± 0.2 %. The microorganisms, including and , were expected to play a dual role in the reduction of ARGs by serving as ARB and BALOs’ preferred prey. Meanwhile, BALOs consortium improved ARGs reduction efficiency via the expansion of the prey profile. Additionally, BALOs decreased the relative abundance of not only pathogens ( and ), but also the ARGs' host pathogens (, and ). Therefore, the application of BALOs for sludge biolysis are promising to decrease the sludge's public health risks via limiting the spread of ARGs and pathogens into the environment.

中文翻译：

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污泥生物分解预处理减少抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)：深入了解潜在 ARG 宿主与 BALO 首选猎物之间的关系


污水处理厂排出的污泥作为抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的重要库，是ARG迁移到环境中的关键中间体。类生物（BALO）是捕食性细菌，预计会攻击抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）。在本研究中，将筛选出的 BALO（C3 和 D15）与污泥混合进行生物分解，以实现 6 个基因、2 个基因和 1 个可移动遗传元件的令人满意的去除效率 (1)。其中，(Q)的相对丰度降低率最高，为87.3±1.0%，(X)的相对丰度降低率最低，为11.7±0.2%。包括 和 在内的微生物预计将作为 ARB 和 BALO 的首选猎物，在减少 ARG 方面发挥双重作用。同时，BALO联盟通过扩大猎物范围提高了ARG的减少效率。此外，BALO 不仅降低了病原体 ( 和 ) 的相对丰度，还降低了 ARG 的宿主病原体 ( 和 ) 的相对丰度。因此，应用 BALO 进行污泥生物分解有望通过限制 ARG 和病原体向环境中的传播来降低污泥的公共健康风险。