This paper considers a simplified single-phase depth-averaged model for simulating rock-ice avalanche movement, which incorporates an energy conservation equation to describe the evolution of mass temperature, accounting for the transition from negative to positive values and vice versa. Additionally, this model introduces a saturation parameter that quantifies the impact of pore water pressure on the normal stress of flow materials. To validate the feasibility of the presented model, two laboratory experiments are simulated. Based on the comparison between numerical results and measured data, this study demonstrates that the presented model captures the transformation of rock-ice avalanches from granular flow to debris flow induced by ice melting during movement and the evolution of associated variables including ice volume fraction and temperature. This study further investigates the impact of factors such as fluid viscosity and melting water on rock-ice avalanche movement through simulation. The findings demonstrate that fluid viscosity has an impact on the morphology of rock-ice avalanches and the rate of ice melting. Consequently, this influence directly affects the movement of rock-ice avalanches. In addition, the cohesive force generated by meltwater impedes the progression of low-speed rock-ice avalanches, particularly those with lower water content.

中文翻译：

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考虑冰融化的岩冰雪崩运动简化单相深度平均模型


本文考虑了一种用于模拟岩冰雪崩运动的简化单相深度平均模型，该模型采用能量守恒方程来描述质量温度的演变，解释从负值到正值的转变，反之亦然。此外，该模型还引入了饱和度参数，用于量化孔隙水压力对流动材料法向应力的影响。为了验证所提出模型的可行性，模拟了两个实验室实验。基于数值结果与测量数据的比较，本研究表明，所提出的模型捕获了运动过程中冰融化引起的岩冰雪崩从颗粒流到泥石流的转变以及包括冰体积分数和温度在内的相关变量的演变。本研究通过模拟进一步研究了流体粘度和融水等因素对岩冰雪崩运动的影响。研究结果表明，流体粘度对岩冰雪崩的形态和冰融化的速度有影响。因此，这种影响直接影响岩冰雪崩的运动。此外，融水产生的内聚力阻碍了低速岩冰雪崩的进展，特别是那些含水量较低的雪崩。