Tissue barriers in a body, well known as tissue-to-tissue interfaces represented by endothelium of the blood vessels or epithelium of organs, are essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis by regulating molecular and cellular transports. It is crucial for predicting drug response to understand physiology of tissue barriers through which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted. Since the FDA Modernization Act 2.0, which prompts the inception of alternative technologies for animal models, tissue barrier chips, one of the applications of organ-on-a-chip or microphysiological system (MPS), have only recently been utilized in the context of drug development. Recent advancements in stem cell technology have brightened the prospects for the application of tissue barrier chips in personalized medicine. In past decade, designing and engineering these microfluidic devices, and demonstrating the ability to reconstitute tissue functions were main focus of this field. However, the field is now advancing to the next level of challenges: validating their utility in drug evaluation and creating personalized models using patient-derived cells. In this review, we briefly introduce key design parameters to develop functional tissue barrier chip, explore the remarkable recent progress in the field of tissue barrier chips and discuss future perspectives on realizing personalized medicine through the utilization of tissue barrier chips.

中文翻译：

---

重建人体组织屏障功能以实现精准和个性化医疗


体内的组织屏障，即众所周知的以血管内皮或器官上皮为代表的组织间界面，对于通过调节分子和细胞运输来维持生理稳态至关重要。了解药物吸收、分布、代谢和排泄所通过的组织屏障的生理学对于预测药物反应至关重要。自 FDA 现代化法案 2.0 推动动物模型替代技术的诞生以来，组织屏障芯片（器官芯片或微生理系统 (MPS) 的应用之一）最近才被用于以下领域：药物开发。干细胞技术的最新进展为组织屏障芯片在个性化医疗中的应用带来了光明的前景。在过去的十年中，设计和工程这些微流体装置并展示重建组织功能的能力是该领域的主要焦点。然而，该领域现在正面临下一个挑战：验证它们在药物评估中的效用，并使用患者来源的细胞创建个性化模型。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了开发功能性组织屏障芯片的关键设计参数，探讨了组织屏障芯片领域最近取得的显着进展，并讨论了利用组织屏障芯片实现个性化医疗的未来前景。