Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) can alleviate ‘range anxiety’ and have broad prospects due to their high energy densities. However, poor safety and cycling performances of the LMBs due to the unconstrained lithium metal anodes (LMAs) limit their further application. Many solutions have been proposed to address the problems of LMBs, but few studies have focused on cheap separators. Here, a separator modified with conductive Super P and Mg(NO₃)₂ (MN) (SP@MND) is prepared for LMBs. Super P can promote the reaction kinetics of cathodes. MN can be sustainably released from the modified separator into the electrolyte and can dissociate into Mg²⁺ and NO₃⁻, which standardizes the deposition of Li⁺ cations and forms an ionic-conductive protective layer on the LMA, respectively. SP@MND shows an outstanding performance in both ether-based and ester-based electrolytes, and LMAs can exhibit a long cycling life of over 4800 h at 0.5 mA cm⁻² and 0.5 mA h cm⁻² and a high current density of up to 50 mA cm⁻². The assembled LMBs exhibit a low capacity decay rate of 0.059% after 1000 cycles at 3C for a Li//S battery and a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.2% at 10C for the Li//LiFePO₄ one after 1000 cycles. This work provides a solid basis for the production of LMBs with a high ratio of performance to cost.

中文翻译：

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从隔膜中可持续释放 Mg(NO3)2 可提高锂金属作为二次电池阳极的电化学性能


锂金属电池（LMB）可以缓解“里程焦虑”，并且由于其高能量密度而具有广阔的前景。然而，由于不受约束的锂金属阳极（LMA），LMB 的安全性和循环性能较差，限制了其进一步应用。人们已经提出了许多解决 LMB 问题的解决方案，但很少有研究关注廉价的分离器。这里，为 LMB 制备了用导电 Super P 和 Mg(NO ₃ ) ₂ (MN) (SP@MND) 改性的隔膜。 Super P可以促进阴极的反应动力学。 MN可以从改性隔膜中持续释放到电解质中，并可以解离成Mg ²⁺ 和NO ₃ ⁻ ，从而标准化Li ⁺ 阳离子并分别在LMA上形成离子导电保护层。 SP@MND 在醚基和酯基电解质中均表现出出色的性能，LMA 在 0.5 mA cm ⁻² 和 0.5 mA h cm ⁻² 。组装的 LMB 在 3C 下循环 1000 次后，容量衰减率为 0.059%，而 Li//LiFePO ₄ 在 10C 下平均库伦效率高达 99.2%。 1000 次循环。这项工作为生产具有高性价比的LMBs提供了坚实的基础。