The development of efficient bifunctional catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during charge–discharge cycling is crucial to the advancement of flexible zinc–air batteries (FZABs). Atomically dispersed multi-site catalysts have garnered extensive attention in the development of FZABs owing to their well-defined structures, high atomic utilization, and remarkable activity. However, the flexibility of the battery facilitates bending and deformation, exacerbating the agglomeration of atomically dispersed multi-site catalysts. Simultaneously, the loading method of the catalyst at the cathode presents a hindrance to the commercialization of FZABs. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of atomically dispersed multi-site catalysts exhibiting diverse dispersion site structures and exceptional activity for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis and emphasize their potential for industrial applications. Manipulation strategies are summarized to enhance the bifunctional activity of atomically dispersed multi-site catalysts, including the utilization of highly electronegative ligands, design principles for polymetallic centers, and exploration of atomic clusters. Ultimately, the comprehensive summary presents the potential applications and associated challenges of atomically dispersed multi-site catalysts in the cathode region of rechargeable FZABs, with the aim of providing valuable insights for future commercialization.

中文翻译：

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原子分散多位点催化剂：双功能氧电催化剂提高柔性锌空气电池性能


开发用于充放电循环过程中氧还原反应（ORR）和析氧反应（OER）的高效双功能催化剂对于柔性锌空气电池（FZAB）的发展至关重要。原子分散的多中心催化剂因其结构明确、原子利用率高和显着的活性而在FZABs的开发中受到广泛关注。然而，电池的柔性容易弯曲和变形，加剧原子分散的多位点催化剂的团聚。同时，催化剂在阴极的负载方法也阻碍了FZABs的商业化。在此，我们全面概述了原子分散的多中心催化剂，这些催化剂表现出不同的分散位点结构和双功能氧电催化的卓越活性，并强调了它们在工业应用中的潜力。总结了增强原子分散多位点催化剂双功能活性的操作策略，包括高负电性配体的利用、多金属中心的设计原则以及原子团簇的探索。最后，全面总结介绍了可充电 FZAB 阴极区域原子分散多位点催化剂的潜在应用和相关挑战，旨在为未来商业化提供有价值的见解。