Rice–aquaculture farming has been widely recognized as a sustainable symbiosis system for its potential to increase crop yield and income for farmers and to cultivate aquaculture products simultaneously through co-culture. Nevertheless, the performance of co-culture production systems depends on various factors, but few studies have examined the factors that affect their performance, leading to a reliance on trial and error in the operation and design of these systems. In this study, a systematic review was conducted to investigate factors that impact the performance of the rice–aquaculture system, both economically and environmentally. Four main categories of factors, including field conditions and management, feeding supplement, aquaculture farming, and rice cultivation were identified to be related to the success of the rice–aquaculture system. By analyzing data from diverse geographic regions, this study also elucidated general trends, region-specific challenges, and opportunities within rice–aquaculture practices. Future directions were also proposed with the need to develop complementary guidelines for the design and management of co-culture systems to maximize economic benefit while minimizing negative environmental effects, thus improving the overall sustainability of the co-culture production system.

中文翻译：

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系统回顾影响水稻-水产养殖系统绩效的因素和区域视角


水稻-水产养殖业已被广泛认为是一种可持续的共生系统，因为它具有提高农作物产量和农民收入以及通过共培养同时种植水产养殖产品的潜力。然而，共培养生产系统的性能取决于多种因素，但很少有研究探讨影响其性能的因素，导致这些系统的操作和设计依赖于反复试验。在这项研究中，进行了系统评价，以调查影响水稻-水产养殖系统经济和环境绩效的因素。田间条件和管理、饲料补充、水产养殖和水稻种植等四大类因素被确定与水稻-水产养殖系统的成功相关。通过分析来自不同地理区域的数据，本研究还阐明了水稻水产养殖实践中的总体趋势、特定区域的挑战和机遇。还提出了未来的方向，需要为共培养系统的设计和管理制定补充指南，以最大限度地提高经济效益，同时最大限度地减少对环境的负面影响，从而提高共培养生产系统的整体可持续性。