Although the impact of the gut microbiome on health and disease is well established, there is controversy regarding the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria and their products in organs and tissues. However, recent contamination-aware findings of tissue-resident microbial signatures provide accumulating evidence in support of bacterial translocation in cardiometabolic disease. The latter provides a distinct paradigm for the link between microbial colonizers of mucosal surfaces and host metabolism. In this Perspective, we re-evaluate the concept of tissue-resident bacteria including their role in metabolic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. We examine the limitations and challenges associated with studying low bacterial biomass samples and propose experimental and analytical strategies to overcome these issues. Our Perspective aims to encourage further investigation of the mechanisms linking tissue-resident bacteria to host metabolism and their potentially actionable health implications for prevention and treatment.

尽管肠道微生物组对健康和疾病的影响已得到充分证实，但关于器官和组织中细菌及其产物等微生物的存在仍存在争议。然而，最近对组织驻留微生物特征的污染感知发现提供了越来越多的证据来支持心脏代谢疾病中的细菌易位。后者为粘膜表面的微生物定殖者与宿主代谢之间的联系提供了独特的范例。在这个视角中，我们重新评估组织驻留细菌的概念，包括它们在代谢低级组织和全身炎症中的作用。我们研究了与研究低细菌生物量样品相关的局限性和挑战，并提出了克服这些问题的实验和分析策略。我们的观点旨在鼓励进一步研究组织驻留细菌与宿主代谢之间的联系机制及其对预防和治疗的潜在健康影响。