The sensitive response of conjugated polymers to humidity has been exploited in a wide range of applications. The emeraldine salt (ES) form of polyaniline is one of the most popular systems explored owing to its high and tunable electrical conductivity. We show that the emeraldine base (EB) thin film fabricated via a polyelectrolyte (poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), NaPSS) templated solution synthesis is a significantly more efficient humidity sensor than the more protonated forms including the ES. The EB-NaPSS thin film exhibits a sensing responsivity of 93% in the RH% range 11–85, compared to 44% with the ES analogue; the sensing is quick and highly reversible. Unlike the ES, the EB-NaPSS thin film also exhibits a nonlinear I–V characteristic under high humidity conditions. It is shown to be an easily fabricated new entrant to the emerging family of moisture energy generation systems. A simple device structure with an imposed RH% gradient and series connection of five units allowed a stable open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of ∼1 V to be extracted for over 36 h. Impedance spectroscopy provides insight into the mechanistic aspects that lead to the humidity-related responses of the thin films. The scalability of these simple devices promises potential applications.

中文翻译：

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使用聚苯胺翡翠碱 - 聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠）薄膜实现高效湿度传感和稳定的湿气发电


共轭聚合物对湿度的敏感响应已被广泛应用。聚苯胺的翠绿亚胺盐 (ES) 形式因其高且可调的电导率而成为最受欢迎的系统之一。我们证明，通过聚电解质（聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠），NaPSS）模板溶液合成制备的翠绿亚胺基（EB）薄膜是一种比包括 ES 在内的更多质子化形式更有效的湿度传感器。 EB-NaPSS 薄膜在 RH% 范围 11-85 内表现出 93% 的传感响应度，而 ES 类似物的传感响应度为 44%；传感速度快且高度可逆。与 ES 不同，EB-NaPSS 薄膜在高湿度条件下还表现出非线性 I-V 特性。它被证明是新兴湿气发电系统家族中易于制造的新成员。具有施加 RH% 梯度和五个单元串联的简单装置结构允许在超​​过 36 小时内提取~1 V 的稳定开路电压 (V _OC )。阻抗谱可以深入了解导致薄膜与湿度相关的响应的机械方面。这些简单设备的可扩展性有望带来潜在的应用。